MRECW Students E- Learning Point Computer Security Student (CSS)

Tutorial to implement protoname in ns2.35

This is an Implementation tutorial of new manet(Mobile Ad-hoc NETworks) unicast protocol name protoname.

The whole credit goes to Francisco J. Ros and Pedro M. Ruiz for their beautiful work and excellent explanation they provide. The link to their work is below. It contains a PDF file also which explains you in detail and I recommend you to go through it once.

List of files to be modified

• ~/ns-allinone-2.35/ns-2.35/common/packet.h
• ~/ns-allinone-2.35/ns-2.35/trace/cmu-trace.h
• ~/ns-allinone-2.35/ns-2.35/trace/cmu-trace.cc
• ~/ns-allinone-2.35/ns-2.35/tcl/lib/ns-packet.tcl
• ~/ns-allinone-2.35/ns-2.35/tcl/lib/ns-default.tcl 
• ~/ns-allinone-2.35/ns-2.35/tcl/lib/ns-lib.tcl
• ~/ns-allinone-2.35/ns-2.35/queue/priqueue.cc

 
** Note: Text in red is the part that is to be added or modified in given file and location and purple colour denotes the terminal commands.

** Note: mod stands for modification.

** Note: Line number is approx and is provided for your convenience. Please check the methods below and above before inserting.

Step 1:

download protoname.rar

http://www.cs.nccu.edu.tw/~g10031/protoname.rar

Extract the files and place them in ~/ns-allinone-2.35/ns-2.35/protoname directory(create the directory if not present)

Step 2:

gedit ~/ns-allinone-2.35/ns-2.35/common/packet.h (mods at 3 places)

• a.       its somewhere near line 200

static const packet_t PT_DCCP = 63;
static const packet_t PT_DCCP_REQ = 64;
static const packet_t PT_DCCP_RESP = 65;
static const packet_t PT_DCCP_ACK = 66;
static const packet_t PT_DCCP_DATA = 67;
static const packet_t PT_DCCP_DATAACK = 68;
static const packet_t PT_DCCP_CLOSE  = 69;
static const packet_t PT_DCCP_CLOSEREQ = 70;
static const packet_t PT_DCCP_RESET = 71;

        // M-DART packets
static const packet_t PT_MDART = 72;

        // insert new packet types here

static const packet_t PT_PROTONAME = 73;

static packet_t       PT_NTYPE = 74; // This MUST be the LAST one

• b. near line 250

static bool data_packet(packet_t type) {
return ( (type) == PT_TCP || \
        (type) == PT_TELNET || \
        (type) == PT_CBR || \
        (type) == PT_AUDIO || \
        (type) == PT_VIDEO || \
        (type) == PT_ACK || \
        (type) == PT_SCTP || \
        (type) == PT_SCTP_APP1 || \
        (type) == PT_HDLC || \  //(remember this mod also)
(type) == PT_PROTONAME \ 
       );

• c.      near line 422

static void initName()

{

                .....

                name_[PT_DCCP_REQ]="DCCP_Request";

name_[PT_DCCP_RESP]="DCCP_Response";

name_[PT_DCCP_ACK]="DCCP_Ack";

name_[PT_DCCP_DATA]="DCCP_Data";

name_[PT_DCCP_DATAACK]="DCCP_DataAck";

name_[PT_DCCP_CLOSE]="DCCP_Close";

name_[PT_DCCP_CLOSEREQ]="DCCP_CloseReq";

name_[PT_DCCP_RESET]="DCCP_Reset";

name_[PT_PROTONAME]="protoname"; 

name_[PT_NTYPE]= "undefined";

}

save and close.

Step 3:  

gedit ~/ns-allinone-2.35/ns-2.35/trace/cmu-trace.h (mod at 1 place)

• a. Near line 164.

class CMUTrace: public Trace {
public:
CMUTrace (const char * s, char t);
...
private:
char tracename [MAX_ID_LEN + 1];
int nodeColor [MAX_NODE];
...
void format_tora (Packet * p, int offset);
void format_imep (Packet * p, int offset);
void format_aodv (Packet * p, int offset);
/ / ----------------------------------------------
void format_protoname (Packet *p, int offset);
/ / ----------------------------------------------
void format_aomdv (Packet * p, int offset);
void format_mdart (Packet * p, int offset);

/ / This holds all the tracers added at run-time
static PacketTracer * pktTrc_;

};
# Endif / * __ cmu_trace__ * /

save and close.

Step 4:

gedit ~/ns-allinone-2.35/ns-2.35/trace/cmu-trace.cc (mods at 3 places)

• a. Add this line at start

#include <protoname/protoname_pkt.h>

• b. Near line 1168

void
CMUTrace :: format_mdart (Packet * p, int offset)  {
.........
........
........
}

void
CMUTrace::format_protoname(Packet *p, int offset)
{
    struct hdr_protoname_pkt* ph = HDR_PROTONAME_PKT(p);
    if (pt_->tagged())
    {
            sprintf(pt_->buffer() + offset, "-protoname:o %d -protoname:s %d -protoname:l %d ", ph->pkt_src(), ph->pkt_seq_num(), ph->pkt_len());
        }
    else if (newtrace_)
    {
            sprintf(pt_->buffer() + offset, "-P protoname -Po %d -Ps %d -Pl %d ", ph->pkt_src(), ph->pkt_seq_num(), ph->pkt_len());
        }
    else
    {
            sprintf(pt_->buffer() + offset, "[protoname %d %d %d] ", ph->pkt_src(), ph->pkt_seq_num(), ph->pkt_len());
        }
}

• c. Near line 1477

void CMUTrace :: format (Packet * p, const char * why)
{...
switch (ch-> ptype ()) {
case PT_MAC:
...
case PT_GAF:
case PT_PING:
break;
/ / --------------------------------------------
case PT_PROTONAME:
format_protoname(p, offset);
break;
/ / --------------------------------------------
default:
...
}

save and close.

Step 5:

gedit ~/ns-allinone-2.35/ns-2.35/tcl/lib/ns-packet.tcl  (mod at 1 place)

• a. Near line 172

# Mobility, Ad-Hoc Networks, Sensor Nets:
    AODV     # routing protocol for ad-hoc networks
    Protoname # new routing protocol for ad-hoc networks
    Diffusion     # diffusion/diffusion.cc
    IMEP     # Internet MANET Encapsulation Protocol, for ad-hoc

Save and close.

Step 6:

gedit ~/ns-allinone-2.35/ns-2.35/tcl/lib/ns-default.tcl  (mod at 1 place)

• a. Add at the last.

# Defaults defined for Protoname
Agent/Protoname set accessible_var_ true

save and close.

step 7:

gedit ~/ns-allinone-2.35/ns-2.35/tcl/lib/ns-lib.tcl  (mod at 2 places)

• a. Near line 671

switch-exact $ routingAgent_ {
...
ManualRtg {
set ragent [$ self create-manual-rtg-agent $
}
# / ------------------------------------------------ -
Protoname 
{
         set ragent [$self create-protoname-agent $node]
}
# / ------------------------------------------------ -
default {
...
}

---

• b. Near line 2278

Simulator instproc create-omnimcast-agent {node} {
...
}
# / ------------------------------------------------ -----
Simulator instproc create-protoname-agent {node} {
    # Create Protoname routing agent
    set ragent [new Agent/Protoname [$node node-addr]]
    $self at 0.0 "$ragent start"
    $node set ragent_ $ragent
    return $ragent
}
# / ------------------------------------------------ -----
# XXX These are very simulation-specific methods, why should they belon
Simulator instproc put-in-list {agent} {
...
}


Step 8:

gedit ~/ns-allinone-2.35/ns-2.35/queue/priqueue.cc (mod at 1 place)

• a. Near line 95.

void
PriQueue :: recv (Packet * p, Handler * h)
{
struct hdr_cmn * ch = HDR_CMN (p);
if (Prefer_Routing_Protocols) {
switch (ch-> ptype ()) {
...
case PT_MDART:
/ / --------------------------------------------
case PT_PROTONAME:
/ / --------------------------------------------
recvHighPriority (p, h);
break;
default:
Queue :: recv (p, h);
}
}
else {
Queue :: recv (p, h);
}
}

save and close.

Step 9:

gedit ~/ns-allinone-2.35/ns-2.35/Makefile (mod at 1 place)

• a. Near line 336

OBJ_CC = \
tools / random.o tools / rng.o tools / ranvar.o common / misc.o common /
...
wpan/p802_15_4trace.o wpan/p802_15_4transac.o \
apps / pbc.o \
# / / ----------------------------------------------- -
protoname/protoname.o protoname/protoname_rtable.o \
# / / ----------------------------------------------- -
$ (OBJ_STL)

save and close.

Step 10:

build it now, changes done ( run these in terminal in ~/ns-allinone-2.35/ns-2.35 directory )

• a. make clean

• b. touch common/packet.cc

• c. make

(if you are getting some errors check the spaces in the editing you did above)


Step 11:

gedit ~/ns-allinone-2.35/ns-2.35/test.tcl

copy and paste

set ns [new Simulator]
$ns node-config -Routing protoname   
set nf [open out.nam w]     
$ns namtrace-all $nf       
set nd [open out.tr w]       
$ns trace-all $nd             
  proc finish {} {
          global ns nf  nd
          $ns flush-trace 
          close $nf       
          close $nd       
          exec nam out.nam &
          exit 0
   }

for {set i 0} {$i < 7} {incr i} {set n($i) [$ns node] }
for {set i 0} {$i < 7} {incr i} {
$ns duplex-link $n($i) $n([expr ($i+1)%7]) 1Mb 10ms DropTail
}
set udp0 [new Agent/UDP]   
$ns attach-agent $n(0) $udp0
set cbr0 [new Application/Traffic/CBR] 
$cbr0 set packetSize_ 500     
$cbr0 set interval_ 0.005      
$cbr0 attach-agent $udp0
set null0 [new Agent/Null]
$ns attach-agent $n(3) $null0
$ns connect $udp0 $null0 
$ns at 0.5 "$cbr0 start"
$ns rtmodel-at 1.0 down $n(1) $n(2) 
$ns rtmodel-at 2.0 up $n(1) $n(2)   
$ns at 4.5 "$cbr0 stop"
$ns at 5.0 "finish"
$ns run

save and close

ns ~/ns-allinone-2.35/ns-2.35/test.tcl

and boom you are getting the nam (if not sorry troubleshoot once by going through the tutorial again as I am getting the outputs completely and so should you)

Expected Errors

1. Got this error
   
   trace/cmu-trace.cc:1176: error: stray '\302' inprogram
   trace/cmu-trace.cc:1176: error: stray '\240' inprogram
   trace/cmu-trace.cc:1176: error: stray '\302' inprogram
   trace/cmu-trace.cc:1176: error: stray '\240' inprogram
   ...
   trace/cmu-trace.cc:1183: error: stray '\302' inprogram
   trace/cmu-trace.cc:1183: error: stray '\240' inprogram

    
   Solution

   check your cmu.trace.cc file... its a syntactic error.. see you inserted the changes in the right place with right syntax... I did my successfully not in just one attempt... errors come but you need to remove them ... be vigilant ... cheers!!!

   
   
2. Thank you I solved that but still got this error
   
   trace/cmu-trace.cc:1120: error: stray _FUNCTION_ not declared
   
   How do I include the FUNCTION?

   
   

   Great tutorial! I have followed the orignal tutorial by Francisco J. Ros and Pedro M. Ruiz, and made some modifications to successfully compile it, after which I read your post and used the test script. I was wondering what "protoname" does exactly? I didn't know how to test it until I saw your post. So there must be something I didn't quite understand. Thanks :)

   
   

   Possible Question can you tell me what protoname does exactly ??

   
   

   Solution

   protoname does not implement any extra ordinary features , it just teaches you basics of creating a user defined protocol and how to add it to ns and use that protocol.
   
   You can read the .pdf file in the protoname folder. It explains everything in detail. first it pings the neighbours to locate them and then find the path.

   
   
3. Possible Question

   how can i use SPIN routing protocol in wireless sensor network in ns2, i have SPIN code but don't know how to implement it....

    
   Solution

   read ns-manual . They have taught how to implement your own protocol (if SPIN is a user defined one).
   
4. 
   

   Hello..... nice to meet everyone...... I am working the project of black hole attack in AODV protcol. I want to know how can I add new packet type in AODV protocol. I write alarm packet type in aodv protocol such as Hello packet. I declare this packet in aodv_packet.h and then I write the send and receive fun in aodv.h. I use by calling this fun in aodv.cc. When I am compiling Ns-2, there is no error. But, when I run TCL script, there is error such as Invalid AODV pcket format. So, Anybody help me. How can I add alarm packet in aodv protocol??????

   
   

   trace your program control... use debugging tools

   
   
5. 
   

   hey i m getting dis error
   common/tclAppInit.o: In function `Tcl_AppInit':
   tclAppInit.cc:(.text+0xec): undefined reference to `et_ns_ptypes'
   collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
   make: *** [ns] Error 1re-check the changes you made.... especially in first 3 steps
    
6. but following your instructions i got it working!
7. but i was curious of step 11.. where exactly is the new implemented protocol being used?
   is it this line? $ns node-config -Routing protoname

   
   

   yup... try using AODV in place of protoname or DSDV...