GATE Bio Tech

Linear Algebra: Matrices and determinants, Systems of linear equations, Eigen values and Eigen vectors.
Calculus: Limit, continuity and differentiability, Partial derivatives, Maxima and minima, Sequences and series, Test for convergence, Fourier Series.
Differential Equations: Linear and nonlinear first order ODEs, higher order ODEs with constant coefficients, Cauchy's and Euler's equations, Laplace transforms, PDE- Laplace, heat and wave equations.
Probability and Statistics: Mean, median, mode and standard deviation, Random variables, Poisson, normal and binomial distributions, Correlation and regression analysis.
Numerical Methods: Solution of linear and nonlinear algebraic equations, Integration of trapezoidal and Simpson's rule, Single and multistep methods for differential equations.
Microbiology: Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell structure; Microbial nutrition, growth and control; Microbial metabolism (aerobic and anaerobic respiration, photosynthesis); Nitrogen fixation; Chemical basis of mutations and mutagens; Microbial genetics (plasmids, transformation, transduction, conjugation); Microbial diversity and characteristic features; Viruses.
Biochemistry: Biomolecules and their conformation; Ramachandran map; Weak inter-molecular interactions in biomacromolecules; Chemical and functional nature of enzymes; Kinetics of single substrate and bi-substrate enzyme catalyzed reactions; Bioenergetics; Metabolism (Glycolysis, TCA and Oxidative phosphorylation); Membrane transport and pumps; Cell cycle and cell growth control; Cell signaling and signal transduction; Biochemical and biophysical techniques for macromolecular analysis.
Molecular Biology and Genetics: Molecular structure of genes and chromosomes; DNA replication and control; Transcription and its control; Translational processes; Regulatory controls in prokaryotes and eukaryotes; Mendelian inheritance; Gene interaction; Complementation; Linkage, recombination and chromosome mapping; Extrachromosomal inheritance; Chromosomal variation; Population genetics; Transposable elements, Molecular basis of genetic diseases and applications.
Process Biotechnology: Bioprocess technology for the production of cell biomass and primary/secondary metabolites, such as baker's yeast, ethanol, citric acid, amino acids, exo-polysacharides, antibiotics and pigments etc.; Microbial production, purification and bioprocess application(s) of industrial enzymes; Production and purification of recombinant proteins on a large scale; Chromatographic and membrane based bioseparation methods; Immobilization of enzymes and cells and their application for bioconversion processes. Aerobic and anaerobic biological processes for stabilization of solid / liquid wastes; Bioremediation.
Bioprocess Engineering: Kinetics of microbial growth, substrate utilization and product formation; Simple structured models; Sterilization of air and media; Batch, fed-batch and continuous processes; Aeration and agitation; Mass transfer in bioreactors; Rheology of fermentation fluids; Scale-up concepts; Design of fermentation media; Various types of microbial and enzyme reactors; Instrumentation in bioreactors.
Plant and Animal Biotechnology: Special features and organization of plant cells; Totipotency; Regeneration of plants; Plant products of industrial importance; Biochemistry of major metabolic pathways and products; Autotrophic and heterotrophic growth; Plant growth regulators and elicitors; Cell suspension culture development: methodology, kinetics of growth and production formation, nutrient optimization; Production of secondary metabolites by plant suspension cultures; Hairy root cultures and their cultivation. Techniques in raising transgencies.
Characteristics of animal cells: Metabolism, regulation and nutritional requirements for mass cultivation of animal cell cultures; Kinetics of cell growth and product formation and effect of shear force; Product and substrate transport; Micro & macro-carrier culture; Hybridoma technology; Live stock improvement; Cloning in animals; Genetic engineering in animal cell culture; Animal cell preservation.
Immunology: The origin of immunology; Inherent immunity; Humoral and cell mediated immunity; Primary and secondary lymphoid organ; Antigen; B and T cells and Macrophages; Major histocompatibility complex (MHC); Antigen processing and presentation; Synthesis of antibody and secretion; Molecular basis of antibody diversity; Polyclonal and monoclonal antibody; Complement; Antigen-antibody reaction; Regulation of immune response; Immune tolerance; Hyper sensitivity; Autoimmunity; Graft versus host reaction.
Recombinant DNA Technology: Restriction and modification enzymes; Vectors: plasmid, bacteriophage and other viral vectors, cosmids, Ti plasmid, yeast artificial chromosome; cDNA and genomic DNA library; Gene isolation; Gene cloning; Expression of cloned gene; Transposons and gene targeting; DNA labeling; DNA sequencing; Polymerase chain reactions; DNA fingerprinting; Southern and northern blotting; In-situ hybridization; RAPD; RFLP; Site-directed mutagenesis; Gene transfer technologies; Gene therapy.
Bioinformatics: Major bioinformatics resources (NCBI, EBI, ExPASy); Sequence and structure databases; Sequence analysis (biomolecular sequence file formats, scoring matrices, sequence alignment, phylogeny); Genomics and Proteomics (Large scale genome sequencing strategies; Comparative genomics; Understanding DNA microarrays and protein arrays); Molecular modeling and simulations (basic concepts including concept of force fields).

GATE Life Science

CHEMISTRY (Compulsory)
1. Atomic structure and periodicity : Quantum chemistry ; Planck's quantum theory, wave particle duality, uncertainty principle, quantum mechanical model of hydrogen atom ; electronic configuration of atoms ; periodic table and periodic properties ; ionization energy, election affinity, electronegativity, atomic size.
2. Structure and bonding : Ionic and covalent bonding M.O. and V.B. approaches for diatomic molecules, VSEPR theory and shape of molecules, hybridisation, resonance, dipole moment, structure parameters such as bond length, bond angle and bond energy, hydrogen bonding, van der Waals interactions. Ionic solids; ionic radii, lattice energy (Born-Haber Cycle).
3. s. p. Block Elements : Oxides, halides and hydrides of alkali and alkaline earth metals, B, Al, S, N, P and S, silicones
4. d, Block Elements general characteristics of 3d elements, coordination complexes : valence bond and crystal field theory, color, geometry and magnetic properties.
5. Chemical Equilibria : Colligative properties of solutions, ionic equilibria in solution, solubility product, common ion effect, hydrolysis of salts, pH, buffer and their applications in chemical analysis
6. Electrochemistry : Conductance, Kohlrausch law, Half Cell potentials, emf, Nernst equation, galvanic cells, thermodynamic aspects and their applications.
7. Reaction Kinetics : Rate constant, order of reaction, molecularity, activation energy, zero, first and second order kinetics, equilibrium constants (Kc, Kp and Kx) for homogeneous reactions, catalysis and elementary enzyme reactions.
8. Thermodynamics : First law, reversible and irreversible processes, internal energy, enthalpy, Kirchoff's equation, heat of reaction, Hess law, heat of formation, Second law, entropy, free energy, and work function. Gibbs-Helmholtz equation, Clausius-Clapeyron equation, free energy change and equilibrium constant, Troutons rule, Third law of thermodynamics.
9. Mechanistic Basis of Organic Reactions : Elementary treatment of SN1, SN2, E1 and E2 reactions, Hoffmann and Saytzeff rules, Addition reactions, Markonikoff rule and Kharash effect, Diels-Alder reaction, aromatic electrophilic substitution, orientation effect as exemplified by various functional groups.
10. Structure-Reactivity Correlations : Acids and bases, electronic and steric effects, optical and geometrical isomerism, tautomerism, concept of aromaticity

BIOCHEMISTRY
1. Organization of life. Importance of water. Cell structure and organelles. Structure and function of biomolecules : Proteins Carbohydrates, Lipids, and Nucleic acids.
2. Structure and function of biomolecules: Lipids, and Nucleic acids
3. Biochemical separation techniques. Spectroscopic methods :UV-visible and fluorescence.
4. Protein structure, folding and function : Myoglobin, Hemoglobin, Lysozyme, ribonuclease A, Carboxypeptidase and Chymotrypsin. Enzyme kinetics and regulation, Coenzymes.
5. Metabolism and bioenergitics. Generation and utilization of ATP. Photosynthesis.
6. Major metabolic pathways and their regulation.
7. Biological membranes. Transport across membranes. Signal transduction; hormones and neuretransmitters.
8. DNA replication, transcription and transiation. Biochemical regulation of gene expression.
9. Recombinant DNA technology and applications. Genomics and Proteomics.
10. The immune system. Active and passive immunity. Complement system. Antobody structure, function and diversity. Cells of the immune system: T, B and macrophages. T and B cell activation. Major histocompatibilty complex. T cell receptor. Immunological techniques: Immunodiffusion, immunoelectrophoresis RlA and ELISA.

BIOTECHNOLOGY
1. Recombinant DNA technology for the production of therapeutic proteins. Micro array technology. Heterologous protein expression systems in bacteria, yeast etc.
2. Architecture of plant genome; plant tissue culture techniques; methods of gene transfer into plant cells; manipulation of phenotypic traits in plants;
3. plant cell fermentations and production of secondary metabolites using suspension/ immobilized cell culture; methods for plant micro propagation; crop improvement and development of transgenic plants.
4. Expression of animal proteins in plants.Animal cell metabolism and regulation; cell cycle; primary cell culture;
5. nutritional requirements for animal cell culture; techniques for the mass culture of animal cell lines; production of vaccines; growth hormones and interferons using animal cell culture; cytokines- production and therapeutic uses; hybridoma technology; vectors for gene transfer and expression in animal cells. Transgenic animals and molecular pharming.
6. Microbial production of industrial enzymes; methods for immobilization of enzymes; kinetics of soluble and immobilized enzymes; application of soluble and immobilized enzymes; enzyme-based sensors.
7. Microbial growth kinetics; batch, fed batch and continuous culture of microbial cells; media for industrial fermentations; sterilization of air and media; design features and operation of stirred tank, air-lift and fluidized bed reactors; aeration and agitation in aerobic fermentations;
8. recovery and purification of fermentation products- filtration, centrifugation, cell disintegration, solvent extraction and chromatographic separations; industrial fermentations for the production of ethanol, citric acid, lysine, penicillin and other biomolecules;
9. simple calculations based on material and energy balance of fermentation processes;
10. application of microbes in the management of domestic and industrial wastes.

BOTANY
1. Anatomy: Roots, stem and leaves of land plants, meristems, vascular system, their ontogeny, structure and functions.Plant cell structure, organisation, organelles, cytoskeleton, cell wall and membranes.
2. Development: Cell cycle, cell division, senescence, hormonal regulation of growth; life cycle of an angiosperm, pollination, fertilization, embryogenesis, seed formation, seed storage proteins, seed dormancy and germination.
3. Concept of cellular totipotency, organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis, somaclonal variation, embryo culture, in vitro fertilization.
4. Physiology and Biochemistry: Plant water relations, transport of minerals and solutes, N2 metabolism, proteins and nucleic acid, respiration, photophysiology, photosynthesis, photorespiration; biosynthesis, mechanism of action and physiological effects of plant growth regulators.
5. Genetics : Principles of Mendelian inheritance, linkage, recombination and genetic mapping; extrachromosomal inheritance; eukaryotic genome organization (chrornatin structure) and regulation of gene expression, gene mutation, chromosome aberrations (numerical and structural), transposons.
6. Plant Breeding : Principles, methods - selection, hybridization, heterosis; male sterility, self and inter-specific incompatibility; haploidy; somatic cell hybridization; molecular marker-assisted selection; gene transfer methods viz. direct and vector-mediated, transgenic plants and their applications in agriculture.
7. Economic Botany : Economically important plants - cereals, pulses, plants yielding fiber, timber, sugar, beverages, oils, rubber, dyes, gums, drugs and narcotics - a general account.
8. Systematics : Systems of classification (non-phylogenesis vs. phylogenetic -- outline), plant groups, molecular systernatics.
9. Plant Pathology : Nature and classification of plant diseases, diseases of important crops caused "by fungi, bacteria and viruses, and their control measures, mechanism(s) of pathogenesis and resistance, molecular detection of pathogens; plant-microbe beneficial interactions.

10. Ecology and Plant Geography : Ecosystems - types, dynamics, degradation, ecological succession; food chains; vegetation types of the world; pollution and global warming; speciation and extinction, conservation strategies, cryopreservation. M.

MICROBIOLOGY
1. Historical perspective - Discovery of the microbial world; Controversy over spontaneous generation; Role of microorganisms in transformation of organic matter and in the causation of diseases.Methods in microbiology - Pure culture techniques; Theory and practice of sterilization; Principles of microbial nutrition; Construction of culture media; Enrichment culture techniques for isolation of chemoautotrophs, chernoheterotrophs and photosynthetic microorganisms.
2. Microbial evolution, systematics and taxonomy - Evolution of earth and earliest life forms; Primitive organisms and their metabolic strategies; New approaches to bacterial taxonomic classification including ribotyping; Nomenclature.
3. Microbial diversity - Bacteria, archea and their broad classification; Eukaryotic microbes, yeast, fungi, slime mold and protozoa; Viruses and their classification.
4. Microbial growth -The definition of growth, mathematical expression of growth, growth curve, measurement of growth and growth yields; Synchronous growth; Continuous culture.
5.Nutrition and metabolism Overview of metabolism; Microbial nutrition; Energy classes of microorganisms; Culture media; Energetics, modes of ATP generation; ATP generation by heterotrophs; Fermentation; Glycolysis; Respiration; The citric acid cycle; Electron transport systems; Alternate modes of energy generation; Pathways (anabolism) in the biosynthesis of amino acids, purines, pyrimidines and fatty acids.
6.Metabolic diversity among microorganisms - Photosynthesis in microorganisms; Role of chlorophylls, carotenoids and phycobilins; Calvin cycle; Chemolithotrophy; Hydrogen- iron- nitrite-oxidizing bacteria; Nitrate and sulfate reduction; Methanogenesis and acetogenesis.
7.Prokaryotic cells: structure-function - Ceils walls of eubacteria (peptidoglycan) and related molecules; Outer-membrane of gram-negative bacteria; Cell wall and cell membrane synthesis; Flagella and motility; Cell inclusions like endospores, gas vesicles.
8.Microbial diseases and host parasite relationships - Normal microflora of skin; Oral cavity; Gastrointestinal tract; Entry of pathogens into the host; Infectious disease transmission; Respiratory infections caused by bacteria and viruses; Tuberculosis; Sexually transmitted diseases including AIDS; Diseases transmitted by animals (Rabies, plague), insects and ticks (rikettsias, Lyme disease, malaria); Food and water borne diseases; Public health and water quality; Pahtogenic fungi; Emerging and resurgent infectious diseases.
9. Chemotherapy/Antibiotics - Antimicrobial agents; Sulfa drugs; Antibiotics; Pencillins and cephalosporins; Broad-spectrum antibiotics; Antibiotics from prokaryotes; Antifungal antibiotics; Mode of action; Resistance to antibiotics.
10. Microbial genetics - Genes, mutation and mutagenesis - UV and chemical mutagnes; Types of mutations; Ames test for mutagenesis; Methods of genetic analysis. Bacterial genetic system - Transformation; Conjugation; Transduction; Recombination; Plasmids and Transposons; Bacterial genetic map with reference to E. coli. Viruses and their genetic system - Phage and its life cycle; RNA phages; RNA viruses; Retroviruses; Genetic systems of yeast and Neurospora; Extrachromosomal inheritance and mitochondrial genetics; Basic concept of genomics.

ZOOLOGY
1. Animal world : Animal diversity, distribution, systematic and classification of animals, the phylogenetic relationship.
2. Evolution : Origin of life, history of life on earth, evolutionary theories, natural selection, adaptation, speciation.
3. Genetics : Principles of inheritance, molecular basis of heredity, the genetic material, transmission of genetic material, mutations, cytoplasmic inheritance.
4. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology : Nucleic acids, proteins and other biological macromolecules. Replication, transcription and translation, regulation of gene expression, organization of genome, Kreb's cycle, glycolysis, enzyme catalysis, hormones and their action.
5.Cell Biology : Structure of cell, cellular organelles and their structure and function, cell cycle, cell division, cellular differentiation, chromosome and chromatin structure. Eukaryotic gene organisation and expression.
6. Animal Anatomy and Physiology : Comparative physiology, the respiratory system, circulatory system, digestive system, the nervous system, the excretory system, the endocrine system, the reproductive system, the skeletal system, osmoregulation.
7. Parasitology and Immunology : Nature of parasite, host-parasite relation, protozoan and helminthic parasites, the immune response, cellular and humoral immune response, evolution of the immune system.
8. Development Biology : Embryonic development, cellular differentiation, organogenesis, metamorphosis, genetic basis of development.
9. Ecology : The ecosystem, habitats the food chain, population dynamics, species diversity, zoogeography, biogeochemical cycles, conservation biology.
10 Animal Behaviour : Types of behaviours, courtship, mating and territoriality, instinct, learning and memory, social behaviour across the animal taxa, communication, pheromones, evolution of animal behaviour.

M.Sc. Biotech Entrance

Syllabus for M.Sc Entrance Unit:1
BIOLOGY: Properties of amino acids, 10,2°.3°,4° structures of protein, physical interactions, protein metabolism and urea cycle, heme and chlorophyll biosynthesis, protein related diseases. Enzymes and their kinetics, inhibitions, Allostery Chromatography, mass spectroscopy, electrophoresis. Macro and micro nutrients- related diseases. Vitamins and their chemistry Biochemical thermodynamics, Enzyme kinetics NMR. ESR CHEMISTRY: Atomatic Structure Nuclear Chemistry PHYSICS: motion in one, two and three dimension MATHS: Number system, Permutations & Combinations Unit:2
BIOLOGY: CABOHYDRATE Structure of mono, di and polysaccharides and their chemical reactions carbohydrate metabolism- glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, HMP, glycogen metabolism, TCA, oxidative phosphorylation, Regulation of glucose metabolism . Diabetes case studies. GAGs. Glycoproteins.
L1PIDS Digestion, Absorption. Secretion. Transport through blood.Lipid biosynthesis, oxidation. Specialized fatty acids, ketone bodies. Phosphofipid metabolism , Glycolipid metabolism,. Cholesterol and steroid metabolism CHEMISTRY: Periodic Properties PHYSICS: Newtons law of motion, Work power and Energy MATHS: Probability- I & II Unit:3 BIOLOGY: Membrane Alteration and dialysis Biomembranes and sub cellular organization of eukaryotic cells . transport across cell membranes, activity of neurons and synapse, major neurotransmitters Protein sorting- mitochondria and chloroplast protein synthesis and targeting, Peroxisomal protein, ER, Golgi . Post translational modification, exocytosis and endocytosis CHEMISTRY: Chemical Bonding, Ionic Solids, Weak Interactions PHYSICS: Uniform circulation motion, rotatory motion of rigid bodies MATHS: Complex Numbers, Logarithms Unit:4
BIOLOGY: Cytoskeleton- actin , myosin, intermediate filament, cell locomotion, muscles , microtubules and their dynamics, Cilia and flagella. Cell cycle and its control in eukaryotes. molecular mechanism - yeast and mammalian cell. cell to cell interaction Important viral and bacterial diseases of ptants,animal and Human. CHEMISTRY: S-Block Element, P-Block Elements, Chemistry of Noble Gases, Chemistry of Elements of First Transition Series PHYSICS: Gravitation, simple harmonic motion MATHS: Binomial Theorem, Progressions
Unit:5 BIOLOGY: Classification of microbesand virus , Microscopy, N2 fixation Microbial fermentation, antibiotics, organic acid and vitamins production . Important fungal viral and bacterial diseases of ptants,animal and Human CHEMISTRY: Chemistry of Elements of Second and Third Transition Series, Coordination Compounds, Thermodynamic and Kinetic Aspects of Metal Complexes, Magnetic Properties of Transition Metal Complexes, Electron Spectra of Transition Metal Complexes, Metal-Ligand Bonding in Transition Metal complexes PHYSICS: Archimedes principal, elasticity surface tension, viscosity and Bernoulli's principle, kinetic theory of gases MATHS: Quadratic equations, Linear equations, Inequations Unit:6 BIOLOGY: Component of immune system- cells and organs, antigens / antibodies- structures and types. Ag/Ab reactions. B- cell maturation, Activation and Differentiation, Ag processing and presentation. T-cell maturation, Activation, Differentiation. immunological methods Complement system, cytokines, leukocyte migration, and inflammation, hypersensitive reactions, vaccines, Autoimmunity , AIDS, immune response to infectious diseases, transplantation, immunology CHEMISTRY: Structure and Bonding, Mechanism of Organic Reactions, Stereochemistry of Organic Compounds, Optical Isomerism, Geometric Isomerism, Conformational isomerism PHYSICS: Thermometry, calorimetry, expansion of solids, liquids and gases MATHS: Trigonometry- Plane trigonometry, Solutions of triangle, Trigonometric equations Unit:7 BIOLOGY: Mendel's laws and their applications, genetic counseling, genetic interaction, multiple alleles, linkage analysis , crossing over , sex determination , sex - limited and sex - linked, chromatin structure and function .chomosome mutation, concept of gene, concept of gene, organelle genome, nuclear genome mutation and selection , gene transfer in bacteria. CHEMISTRY: Alkanes and Cycloalkanes, Alkenes, Cycloalkenes, Dienes and Alkynes, Arenes and Aromaticity, Aromaticity, Aromatic electrophilic substitution PHYSICS: thermodynamics, isothermal, adiabatic changes,transmission of heat MATHS: Inverse Trigonometry, Heights & Distances Unit:8 BIOLOGY: Southern , northern western south western hybridization , colony hybridization , Dot blot technique, PCR and its application, real time PCR, Molecular probes, Electrophoresis-agarose and SDS-PAGE Restriction endonuclease , selection of recombinant clones radioactivity. autoradiography. sedimentation. CHEMISTRY: Alkyl and Aryl Halides, Polyhalogen compounds PHYSICS: Wave motion, superposition of waves (beats, interference and stationary waves), MATHS: Coordinate Geometry, The Point (2-D), Straight line Unit:9 BIOLOGY: Nucleic acid structure (1°,2°,3°) nucleic acid binding properties, recombination , Replication - initiation, priming, termination and regulation, DNA sequencing. PCR and its application . gene expressing and regulation, two hybrid system, Operon model . Processing of transcript, t-RNA genetic code, protein synthesis , DNA methylation multigene families . mobile genetic element, mutagenesis and DNA repair mechanism, Plasmid , recombinant DNA and molecular cloning, cloning vectors , gene libraries analysis and use of cloned DNA CHEMISTRY: Alcohols, Monhydric Alcohols, Ethers and Epoxides, Phenols PHYSICS: vibration of columns and strings, Doppler effect MATHS: Circles, Conic sections Unit:10 BIOLOGY: Origin of life . Concept of evolution . molecular evolution . Theories of organic evolution . Variability, isolation , selection , genetic drift , speciation . Population genetics , adaptation , mimicry geological distribution of animals , evolution of man , insular fauna CHEMISTRY: Aldehydes and Ketones PHYSICS: Reflection at plane and spherical surface, refraction at plane surface, refraction through spherical surface MATHS: Sets, Relations and Functions, Limits and Continuity Unit: 11 BIOLOGY: Concept and dynamics of ecosystem, its components,types of ecosystem, food chain and energy flow, productivity and biogeological cycles, biological control, community structure and organization, Environmental pollution CHEMISTRY: Carboxylic Acid, Carboxylic Acid Derivatives PHYSICS: Eye optical instrument aberration and defect of vision, wave nature of light, photometry MATHS: Differentiation, Higher Order Derivative. Unit: 12 BIOLOGY: Biological nomenclature , theories of biological classification , structural biochemical and molecular systematics , numerical taxonomy , biodiversity characterization generation maintenance and loss , magnitude and distribution of biodiversity,concept of origin , economic value , wildlife biology , conservation strategies , cryopreservation CHEMISTRY: Organic Compounds of Nitrogen PHYSICS: Electric field and potential MATHS: Application to derivatives - Rate Measure, Tangents & Normals, Increasing & Decreasing, Maxima & Minima. Unit:13 BIOLOGY: Study of Non-chordatcs(up to class level)and chordates (up to subclass level) :-Type study of Amoeba, Entamoeba, paramecium, trypanosome, plasmodium, leucosolenia, hydra, obelia, taenia solium, Ascaris, Pheritima, Periplanata Major disease caused by nonchordates to Man and Animals CHEMISTRY: Heterocylic Compounds PHYSICS: Capacity and condenser MATHS: Integration Unit:14 BIOLOGY: Study of major plant groups- fungi and lichens, algae, bryophytes. pteridophytes, gymnosperm and their economic importance CHEMISTRY: Carbohydrates, Amino Acids, Peptides, Proteins and Nucleic Acids, Fats, Oils and Detergents Synthetic and Natural Polymers PHYSICS: Electric conduction and heating effect of current, simple circuites MATHS: Definite integration, Area bounded region Unit:15 BIOLOGY: Plant development megasporogenesis and microsporogenesis, fertilization development of plant embryo development of seedling, root, shoot, leaf and flower. Classification of Angiosperms and study of important families:- Brassicaceae, Malvaceae, Fabaceae, Compositeae,liliaceae, Graminae, Ranunculaceae CHEMISTRY: Electromagnetic Spectrum : An introduction PHYSICS: chemical effect of current and thermo-electricity MATHS: Differential equations Unit:16 BIOLOGY: Physiology of skin, Digestion, Respiration, Circulation, Working of heart ,Excretion CHEMISTRY: Gaseous States, Molecular velocities, Liquid State, Solid State, Laws of crystallograph- PHYSICS: Electromagnetism and magnetism, meters MATHS: Matrix, Determinants Unit: 17 BIOLOGY: CNS & PNS, Sensory organs:- Eyes, Ear, Endocrinology . Reproductive organs and their physiology . CHEMISTRY: Chemical Kinetics and Catalysis, Experimental methods of chemical kinetics, Theories of chemical kinetics PHYSICS: Electromagnetic induction, alternating current MATHS: 3- Dimensional Geometry, D.C's, D.R's, Plane
Unit: 18 BIOLOGY: Photosynthesis:- Light Reaction. C3, C4 cycle, CAM pathway, photorespiration, physiological and anatomical adaptations, absorption spectroscopy , fluorescence spectroscopy Phytochrome, blue light receptors CHEMISTRY: Thermodynamics-I, First Law of Thermodynamics, Thermodchemistry, Thermodynamics-II Second Law of Thermodynamics, Concept of Entropy, Third law of thermodynamics, Gibbs and Helmholtz functions PHYSICS: Universe, diode and triode valves and semi-conducting devices, MATHS: Vectors Unit:19 BIOLOGY:Plant water relation, osmosis, diffusion,ascent of sap, respiration Major plant hormones:-Auxin Gibberel1in , Cytokinin , ABA ,ethylene and others CHEMISTRY: Chemical Equilibrium, Acid and Bases, Hard and Soft Acids and Bases (HSAB), Non-aqueous Solvents, Solutions, Dilute Solutions and Colligative Properties, Colloidal State - Liquids in solids (gels) PHYSICS: Solids, atomic models and spectra, radio-activity, nuclear structure and nuclear energy MATHS: Statistics- Mean, Median, Mode, Standard deviation, Variance Unit:20 BIOLOGY: Basic concept, cell fate and commitment, its mechanism mosaic and regulative development, maintenance of differentiation, pattern formation and compartmentalization Sex gametes formation, molecular biology of fertilization, gastrulation in invertebrates and vertebrates(Drosophila) and (chick) cell lineage. Axis specification in invertebrates and vertebrates fate of ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm, cell differentiation mechanism and factors affecting it. Organogenesis in invertebrates and vertebrates, programmed cell death, aging and senescence CHEMISTRY: Electrochemistry-I, Electrochemistry-II PHYSICS: Cathode rays and positive rays, photo-electric effect, X-rays, Matter waves MATHS:Miscellaneous Topics Hyperbolic Functions, Mensuration, Allegation.