Eight Queens
Chess composer Max Bezzel published the eight queens puzzle in 1848. Franz Nauck published the first solutions in 1850. Nauck also extended the puzzle to the n-queens problem, with n queens on a chessboard of n × n squares.
The eight queens puzzle is the problem of placing eight chess queens on an 8×8 chessboard so that no two queens threaten each other. Thus, a solution requires that no two queens share the same row, column, or diagonal. The eight queens puzzle is an example of the more general n-queens problem of placing n queens on an n×n chessboard, where solutions exist for all natural numbers n with the exception of n=2 or n=3.
Chess composer Max Bezzel published the eight queens puzzle in 1848. Franz Nauck published the first solutions in 1850. Nauck also extended the puzzle to the n-queens problem, with n queens on a chessboard of n × n squares.
The eight queens puzzle is the problem of placing eight chess queens on an 8×8 chessboard so that no two queens threaten each other. Thus, a solution requires that no two queens share the same row, column, or diagonal. The eight queens puzzle is an example of the more general n-queens problem of placing n queens on an n×n chessboard, where solutions exist for all natural numbers n with the exception of n=2 or n=3.
a | b | c | d | e | f | g | h | ||
8 | 8 | ||||||||
7 | 7 | ||||||||
6 | 6 | ||||||||
5 | 5 | ||||||||
4 | 4 | ||||||||
3 | 3 | ||||||||
2 | 2 | ||||||||
1 | 1 | ||||||||
a | b | c | d | e | f | g | h |
The only symmetrical solution (excluding rotation and reflection) to the eight queens puzzle
Algorithm
The following is a Pascal program by Niklaus Wirth. It finds one solution to the eight queens problem.
program eightqueen1(output);
var i : integer; q : boolean;
a : array[ 1 .. 8] of boolean;
b : array[ 2 .. 16] of boolean;
c : array[ -7 .. 7] of boolean;
x : array[ 1 .. 8] of integer;
procedure try( i : integer; var q : boolean);
var j : integer;
begin
j := 0;
repeat
j := j + 1;
q := false;
if a[ j] and b[ i + j] and c[ i - j] then
begin
x[ i ] := j;
a[ j ] := false;
b[ i + j] := false;
c[ i - j] := false;
if i < 8 then
begin
try( i + 1, q);
if not q then
begin
a[ j] := true;
b[ i + j] := true;
c[ i - j] := true;
end
end
else
q := true
end
until q or (j = 8);
end;
begin
for i := 1 to 8 do a[ i] := true;
for i := 2 to 16 do b[ i] := true;
for i := -7 to 7 do c[ i] := true;
try( 1, q);
if q then
for i := 1 to 8 do write( x[ i]:4);
writeln
end.
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