Making computer memory work like the human brain

How do computers remember things?

It's something most of us never think about. But you may start to take notice if HP Labs is successful in commercializing a new version of computer memory, which would make our electronics dramatically faster and more energy efficient.

The technology is called memristor, and it is designed to work more like our brains and less like the electronic on and off switches that run computer memory now.

"The memristor has properties very similar to synapses in a brain," said Stan Williams, a senior fellow at HP Labs, which has been working on this technology since 1998.

Unlike conventional computer memory, which stores data with electronic on and off switches, Hewlett-Packard's memristor technology works on the atomic level. As electrons move across a titanium dioxide memristor chip, they nudge atoms ever so slightly, sometimes no more than a nanometer.

These subtle bumps record changes in the data.

"It's kind of like an atomic switch," he said.

The impact of memristors on consumers could be sweeping.

The technology claims to be 100 times as fast as flash storage and use about a 10th of the energy. That means some gadgets, such as MP3 players, might only need to be powered up once in their lifetime, Williams said.

"I would no longer have to remember to bring five different battery chargers with me when I pack my briefcase and go on a business trip," he said. Phones would still need to be recharged, however.

Since the memristor technology is so fast at writing data, this could also signal the end of long waits to boot up personal computers and laptops.

"It just drives me crazy that I have to wait for my computer to boot up, and it drives me even crazier that I have to wait to boot it down," Williams said. "I just want to punch the button and for it to go off, like a light bulb. And that's what the memristor is going to be able to do."

HP on Tuesday announced that it is partnering with Hynix Semiconductor to develop a way to commercialize the technology.

If all goes well, the first products that use memristor technology should be on store shelves within three years, Williams said.

Williams, who has been working on the memristor project with HP Labs, in Palo Alto, California, since its start, said the reason a revolution in computer memory is needed is that traditional ways of storing and retrieving data are about to reach a point where further innovation will be difficult.

Soon, he said, other computer memory alternatives such as flash memory, DRAM and hard drives will have gotten as small, fast and energy efficient as those technologies will allow.

Flash memory, for example, stores data by cramming electrons into a box, he said. Technologists have shoved almost as many electrons into those packages as possible, he said, and they can't think of ways to make that model better.

"It all comes down to the physics of the individual devices," Williams said.

HP is not the only company developing an alternative.

Intel, for example, is working on a technology called phase-change memory.

This involves heating glass and turning it into a crystal form.

That technology has been in development for much longer than memristor technology, Williams said, but it uses more energy.

Martin Reynolds, an analyst at Gartner, the research firm, said it's still unclear if either of the technologies will work in commercial products.

"Both look great in the lab," he said. "The question is what happens when you start putting a trillion of these things in a single device and expect them to all work well enough to use it."

Reynolds said neither memory technology would pack much of a wow factor for consumers because their advancements won't be immediately noticeable. But he said he believes both will allow the quick pace of innovation in consumer technology -- making gadgets faster, smaller and more energy efficient -- to continue.

Without these advancements, he said, computing may start to slow down considerably.

Source

Qualifications - what do employers look for?

Qualifications - what do employers look for?

When applying for jobs, it is important that you read through the job description thoroughly before submitting your application. A lot of what employers are actually looking for in their potential associate is written right in the job description and requirements. In fact, you should review your resume against the requirements listed in order to make sure you have covered everything the employer is looking for. If you can address all the requirements by the information in your resume or in your cover letter, you will be on the right track for getting the job.

However, there is a whole list of skills employers look for that are never spelled out in the job description. These skills are typically referred to as employability skills, which are skills beyond your technical knowledge and qualifications that make you a great professional in your field. Don't panic, you already have employability skills, you just may not think of them as critical for getting a job.

The employability skills have been grouped in eight categories:
* Communication skills
* Teamwork skills
* Problem-solving skills
* Initiative and enterprise skills
* Planning and organizing skills
* Self-management
* Learning skills
* Technology skills

Now that you have read the categories, you are thinking to yourself, yes, I have those skills. But did you ever think to list them on the resume? Most people focus on their professional achievements and responsibilities, and they often skip these skills in favor of those that are job specific. However, more and more employers look for these skills in resumes. Your potential employer wants to know that you are a team player, that you communicate well, and will show initiative when needed. While you may think this is implied by your interest in the available position, employers like to see these skills called out on your resume or cover letter.

The best way to demonstrate these skills is through your experience and under your qualifications. Point out the initiatives you have participated in that required you to work in a team, under a deadline, or as a self-starter. Demonstrate your loyalty through pointing out your accomplishments at an organization and how they benefited your team as a whole (not just you). You can showcase the employability skills in your cover letter by openly showing your enthusiasm for the available position, stating your commitment to your career objective, indicating your motivation and your integrity, and showing that you are above all un-selfish and credible. These skills are just as critical to your ability to do a great job as your professional experience and education - employers are looking for someone who will be a great fit on their team and in their organization, someone who works well under pressure but also has a sense of humor and has a balance between their personal and professional life.

Review your existing resume. Does it contain any employability skills? If not, make revisions to incorporate those employability skills you feel you excel in. If you are unsure, ask your friends or family for an objective opinion, so that you can get a better idea of how people around you see you as a person as well as a professional. Keep these attributes in mind as you compose your resume and your cover letter, and especially as you are taking part in interviews. These skills can make a difference between knowing how to do a job and being qualified to exceed goals and grow in your career.

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Skills Required to Become a Human Resource Manager (HR)

Human resources managers handle day-to-day employment issues for a company or organization. While HR managers normally report to HR directors or the company's CEO, it is the duty of the HR manager to keep company departments running smoothly while making sure that everyone in the organization, from high-level executives to departmental employees, have a peaceful and formulated life at work. The skills needed to be an HR manager are many, but with the proper education and training, a person can excel in this career at a fast pace.

Duties
1. The HR manager focuses on the day-to-day operations of employment and placement; compensation and benefits; training and development; and labor relations for a company or organization. The HR manager also oversees the human resources department's own budget; employee training, hiring and termination policies; and employee salaries. Normally HR managers are in charge of other HR supervisors, as well as HR team leads and HR assistants in various departments.

Education
2. Typically a bachelor's degree (four years of college) in human resources is required for a person to hold a position as a human resources manager. Some companies require the HR manager to hold a degree in psychology or business. Because of the tough competition for this type of job, many HR managers obtain their master's degree in their chosen field. Also, being certified as a professional in human resources (PHR) or senior professional in human resources (SPHR) will give you extra training and the accreditation needed to be successful in this career.

Workplace Skills
3. In the workplace, HR managers find themselves wearing many hats. Being knowledgeable in payroll procedures, labor laws, workers compensation and employee benefits, to name a few issues, is mandatory in some organizations and will assist the HR manager in doing her job to the best of her ability. Because human resources managers normally work within an office setting, skills such as typing and being able to use computer software are also necessary.

People Skills
4. Human resource managers must be able to get along with people at all levels of the company and be adept at explaining and understanding the strategy of the organization. At times, when confronted with difficult situations such as layoffs or terminations, they have to demonstrate communication skills and tact. HR managers frequently have an open-door policy as they are the information hub for the company. They must practice discipline and fairness with all employees, from the janitor to the CEO.

Considerations
5. According to the government's Occupational Outlook Handbook of 2008-2009, the earnings for a human resources manager range between $60,000 and $145,000 a year. The job outlook for this profession is above average, with an estimated 17 percent growth until 2016.

Human Resource Project Topics

Recruitment and Selection Process

Complete Recruitment life cycle

Levels of Companies
Technologies and Domineer
Portal Explanation
Explanation of Job Descripton and Analyzing of Requirement
Sourcing of Profiles from Portals
Screening of profiles as per the requirement
Calling the Candidates
Formatting of profiles and Tracker’s Preparation
Maintenance of Databas

Training and Development

Concept of Training and Development
Training Needs Identification Process
Designing Annual Training Plans
Training Execution
Designing Employee Development Initiatives
Designing Supervisory Development Programs
Designing Management Development Programs
What is Training ROI and how to Calculate
Introduction to Best Trainer Skills, Knowledge and Abilities

Induction and Orientation

How to Design Induction Programs and Execution
How to Design on the Job Training Programs and Monitoring
How to evaluate effectiveness of Induction and on the Job Training Programs
Probation Confirmation and HR Role

Team Management Skills

Understanding What is a Team
Understanding Team Development Stages
What is your Team Membership Orientation
How to improve your effectiveness as Team Member
What is Team Leadership
Understanding my Orientation

SOME HR-PROJECTS TITLES FOR YOUR REFERENCE

* Stress Management
* Job Satisfaction
* Employee Motivation
* Quality of Work Life
* Training and Development
* Recruitment Life Cycle
* Recruitment and Selection
* Human Resource Development
* Employee Engagement
* Performance Appraisal
* Compensation Management

India toll free numbers/customer care numbers

TOLL FREE NUMBERS OF INDIA

Airways
Indian Airlines – 1800 180 1407
Jet Airways – 1800 22 5522
SpiceJet – 1800 180 3333

Automobiles
Mahindra Scorpio – 1800 22 6006
Maruti – 1800 111 515
Tata Motors – 1800 22 5552
Windshield Experts – 1800 11 3636

Banks
ABN AMRO – 1800 11 2224
Canara Bank – 1800 44 6000
Citibank – 1800 44 2265
Corporatin Bank – 1800 443 555
Development Credit Bank – 1800 22 5769
HDFC Bank – 1800 227 227
ICICI Bank – 1800 333 499
ICICI Bank NRI – 1800 22 4848
IDBI Bank – 1800 11 6999
Indian Bank – 1800 425 1400
ING Vysya – 1800 44 9900
Kotak Mahindra Bank – 1800 22 6022
Lord Krishna Bank – 1800 11 2300
Punjab National Bank – 1800 122 222
State Bank of India – 1800 44 1955
Syndicate Bank – 1800 44 6655

Cell Phones
BenQ – 1800 22 08 08
Bird CellPhones – 1800 11 7700
Motorola MotoAssist – 1800 11 1211
Nokia – 3030 3838
Sony Ericsson – 3901 1111

Computers/IT
Adrenalin – 1800 444 445
AMD – 1800 425 6664
Apple Computers – 1800 444 683
Canon – 1800 333 366
Cisco Systems – 1800 221 777
Compaq – HP – 1800 444 999
Data One Broadband – 1800 424 1800
Dell – 1800 444 026
Epson – 1800 44 0011
eSys – 3970 0011
Genesis Tally Academy – 1800 444 888
HCL – 1800 180 8080
IBM – 1800 443 333
Lexmark – 1800 22 4477
Marshal’s Point – 1800 33 4488
Microsoft – 1800 111 100
Microsoft Virus Update – 1901 333 334
Seagate – 1800 180 1104
Symantec – 1800 44 5533
TVS Electronics – 1800 444 566
WeP Peripherals – 1800 44 6446
Wipro – 1800 333 312
xerox – 1800 180 1225
Zenith – 1800 222 004

Couriers/Packers & Movers
ABT Courier – 1800 44 8585
AFL Wizz – 1800 22 9696
Agarwal Packers & Movers – 1800 11 4321
Associated Packers P Ltd – 1800 21 4560
DHL – 1800 111 345
FedEx – 1800 22 6161
Goel Packers & Movers – 1800 11 3456
UPS – 1800 22 7171

Education
Edu Plus – 1800 444 000
Hindustan College – 1800 33 4438
NCERT – 1800 11 1265
Vellore Institute of Technology – 1800 441 555

Healthcare
Best on Health – 1800 11 8899
Dr Batras – 1800 11 6767
GlaxoSmithKline – 1800 22 8797
Johnson & Johnson – 1800 22 8111
Kaya Skin Clinic – 1800 22 5292
LifeCell – 1800 44 5323
Manmar Technologies – 1800 33 4420
Pfizer – 1800 442 442
Roche Accu-Chek – 1800 11 45 46
Rudraksha – 1800 21 4708
Varilux Lenses – 1800 44 8383
VLCC – 1800 33 1262

Home Appliances
Aiwa/Sony – 1800 11 1188
Anchor Switches – 1800 22 7979
Blue Star – 1800 22 2200
Bose Audio – 1800 11 2673
Bru Coffee Vending Machines – 1800 44 7171
Daikin Air Conditioners – 1800 444 222
DishTV – 1800 12 3474
Faber Chimneys – 1800 21 4595
Godrej – 1800 22 5511
Grundfos Pumps – 1800 33 4555
LG – 1901 180 9999
Philips – 1800 22 4422
Samsung – 1800 113 444
Sanyo – 1800 11 0101
Voltas – 1800 33 4546
WorldSpace Satellite Radio – 1800 44 5432

Hotel Reservations
GRT Grand – 1800 44 5500
InterContinental Hotels Group – 1800 111 000
Marriott – 1800 22 0044
Sarovar Park Plaza – 1800 111 222
Taj Holidays – 1800 111 825

Insurance
AMP Sanmar – 1800 44 2200
Aviva – 1800 33 2244
Bajaj Allianz – 1800 22 5858
Chola MS General Insurance – 1800 44 5544
HDFC Standard Life – 1800 227 227
LIC – 1800 33 4433
Max New York Life – 1800 33 5577
Royal Sundaram – 1800 33 8899
SBI Life Insurance – 1800 22 9090

Mattresses
Kurl-on – 1800 44 0404
Sleepwell – 1800 11 2266

Investments/Finance
CAMS – 1800 44 2267
Chola Mutual Fund – 1800 22 2300
Easy IPO’s – 3030 5757
Fidelity Investments – 1800 180 8000
Franklin Templeton Fund – 1800 425 4255
J M Morgan Stanley – 1800 22 0004
Kotak Mutual Fund – 1800 222 626
LIC Housing Finance – 1800 44 0005
SBI Mutual Fund – 1800 22 3040
Sharekhan – 1800 22 7500
Tata Mutual Fund – 1800 22 0101

Paints
Asian Paints Home Solutions – 1800 22 5678
Berger Paints Home Decor – 1800 33 8800

Teleshopping
Asian Sky Shop – 1800 22 1800
Jaipan Teleshoppe – 1800 11 5225
Tele Brands – 1800 11 8000
VMI Teleshopping – 1800 447 777
WWS Teleshopping – 1800 220 777

Travel
Club Mahindra Holidays – 1800 33 4539
Cox & Kings – 1800 22 1235
God TV Tours – 1800 442 777
Kerala Tourism – 1800 444 747
Kumarakom Lake Resort – 1800 44 5030
Raj Travels & Tours – 1800 22 9900
Sita Tours – 1800 111 911
SOTC Tours – 1800 22 3344

UPS
APC – 1800 44 4272
Numeric – 1800 44 3266

Others
Consumer Helpline – 1800 11 4000
L’Or?al, GARNIeR – 1800 223 000
KONE Elevator – 1800 444 666
Indane – 1800 44 51 15
Aavin – 1800 44 3300
Pedigree – 1800 11 2121
Kodak India – 1800 22 8877
Domino’s Pizza – 1800 111 123
World Vision India – 1800 444 550
Telecom Monitoring Cell – 1800 110 420

Note: I take no responsibility if the above numbers dont work

*****LIST OF ALL COUNTRIES*****

A | Afghanistan | Albania | Algeria | Andorra | Angola | Antigua and Barbuda | Argentina | Armenia | Australia | Austria | Azerbaijan |

B | Bahamas | Bahrain | Bangladesh | Barbados | Belarus | Belize | Belgium | Benin | Bhutan | Bolivia | Botswana | Bosnia and Herzegovina | Brazil | Brunei | Bulgaria | Burkina Faso | Burundi |

C | Cambodia | Cameroon | Canada | Cape Verde | Central African Republic | Chad | Chile | China | China: Hong Kong | China: Macau | China: Taiwan | Colombia | Comoros | Congo | Costa Rica | Côte d'Ivoire | Croatia | Cuba | Cyprus | Czech Republic |

D | Denmark | Djibouti | Dominica | Dominican Republic |

E | East Timor | Ecuador | Egypt | El Salvador | Equatorial Guinea | Eritrea | Estonia | Ethiopia |

F | Fijii | Finland | France |

G | Gabon | The Gambia | Gaza Strip | Germany | Georgia | Ghana | Greece | Grenada | Guatemala | Guinea | Guinea-Bissau | Guyana |

H | Haiti | Holy See (Vatican City) | Honduras | Hong Kong | Hungary |

I | Iceland | India | Indonesia | Iran | Iraq | Ireland (Eire) | Ireland (Northern) | Israel | Italy |

J | Jamaica | Japan | Jordan |

K | Kazakhstan | Kenya | Korea, North | Korea, South | Kuwait | Kyrgyzstan |

L | Laos - | Latvia - | Lebanon - | Lesotho - | Liberia - | Libya - | Lithuania | Luxembourg - |

M | Macao | Macedonia | Malawi | Malaysia | Maldives | Mali | Malta | Marshall Islands | Mauritania | Mauritius | Micronesia | Moldova | Monaco | Mongolia | Morocco | Mexico | Mozambique | Myanmar (Burma) |

N | Namibia (1) | Nauru | Nepal (1) | Netherlands (11+5) | New Zealand (10) | Nicaragua | Niger (1) | Nigeria (1) | Norway (4) |

O | Oman (1) |

P | Panama | Peru | Pakistan | Papua New Guinea | Palau | Poland | Portugal |

Q | Qatar (1) |

R | Romania | Russia | Rwanda |

S | St. Kitts and Nevis - | Saint Lucia - | St. Vincent and the Grenadines - | Samoa (1) | San Marino - | São Tomé and Príncipe - | Saudi Arabia (1) | Senegal (2) | Serbia and Montenegro (2) | Seychelles - | Sierra Leone - | Singapore (4) | Slovakia (2) | Slovenia (2) | Solomon Islands - | Somalia - | South Africa (23) | Spain (3) | Sri Lanka (3) | Sudan (2) | Suriname - | Swaziland (1) | Sweden (10) | Switzerland (10) | Syria - |

T | Taiwan (28) | Tajikistan | Tanzania (2) | Togo | Thailand (2) | Trinidad and Tobago (1) | Tunisia (2) | Turkey (66) | Turkmenistan | Tuvalu |

U | Uganda (2) | Ukraine (8) | United Arab Emirates (1) | United Kingdom (72) | United States of America (317) | Uruguay (2) | Uzbekistan (1) |

V | Venezuela (3) | Vietnam (33) |

W | West Bank (3) | Western Sahara |

X |

Y | Yemen | Yugoslavia now Serbia & Montenegro |

Z | Zaire now Congo, Democratic Republic of | Zambia (1) | Zimbabwe (1) |

Information on Regulatory affairs [RA]. Careers, Present Scenario, Future

Regulatory Affairs (RA) is an upcoming profession within the pharmaceutical sector. RA profession at its heart is all about Collecting, Analyzing and Communicating the Risks and Benefits of health care products to regulatory agencies and public all over the world.

What are the responsibilities?
In Industry:
1. Interact with all departments of the company and based on this cooperation
2. Prepare a variety of documents necessary for research, development and production of drugs/medical devices.
3. Frequent interaction with government is necessary to obtain regulatory approval for conducting clinical studies and for production of therapeutics

In Government:
1. Assure that industry complies with regulations.
2. Reviews documents submitted by industry and
3. Releases permission for conducting clinical studies or for product manufacturing and distribution, based on regulatory and scientific merits.

What is it all about
Pharma is a highly regulated industry the world over and professionals, who can manage regulatory affairs, are in high demand.
Selling drugs is not like selling anything else, when we sell drugs we need to be confident that -

• They do what they claim to do
• They have been through a tough testing process to get from the lab to the market
• The side effects are well documented

This is where the regulatory affairs comes in.

What you will need to become a RA professional

• A good background knowledge of the pharmaceuticals and medical environment
• A meticulous approach to work
• Attention to detail.
• Academic Qualification in Regulatory Affairs

You can expect to work in a multidisciplinary workplace where scientists and medics will come from very different backgrounds. Excellent written and verbal communication skills are a must as is the ability to work effectively under pressure

================================================== =========
Institutes offering this course in India
In India, so far only two universities:

• Guru Jambeshwar University, Haryana
• Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal

================================================== =========

The curriculum

• It deals with the USFDA and EUDRA guidelines concerning filing for New Drug Applications and Abbreviated New Drug Applications;
• FDA, International Conference on Harmonisation (ICH), EUDRA and Pharmaceutical Inspection Convention (PIC) guidelines for various operational activities;
• Intellectual Property Rights such as Patents, Copy Rights, Trademarks; etc for patenting

The Future
Regulatory affairs position is in highest demand and fastest growing according to the findings from a recent survey on employment trends in the clinical trials industry from CenterWatch4, the reasons being the lack of candidates who wish to make their career in this field and increasing turnover of the pharmaceutical industries. Pharmaceutical

Regulatory affairs is a vast area, which cannot be taught just with the help of books or the course materials. The issues related to the field are often updated so the professionals find it challenging to keep abreast with the recent modifications and inclusions.

Queries are welcome.

How to win friends and influence people

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Can you solve this? Only skilled people can open this file.......

Once you succeed to open this file, you will find names of the people who have managed to open this......

Now it is your turn! How to open attached file?

A man was traveling to London. At the bus stop, he met a man with 7 wives. Each wife has 12 sons and 12 daughters. Each daughter of the man's wife had 4 sons and 7 daughters. Each son of the man's wife had 7 sons and 4 daughters. Each granddaughter had 4 friends. How many people are going to London?

The number of people who are going to London is the password to open attached file.

(Enter the number in value not in word) Once you have opened it, add Your name and challenge others.

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And forward to others to challenge......!!!!!!

Note:-(((((Don't post the answer here.....!!!!!!!But,post that you've got the skills to open it and as well as if you opened it only)))))

Procedure for application to UK for higher studies

UK is a very good country for the study of pharmaceutical sciences.

It poses the following requirements.
1. UG % - 60 % - in Pharmacy, or related field*
2. IELTS score of 6.5 [not <6.0 in individual modules] / TOEFL score (90+ iBT)
3. Complete Financial documentation
4. Student visa with 2 year work permit

*requirements may change according to universities.

Advantages studying in UK!
1. Any Masters course in UK is complexly designed and is for 1 year full time.
2. You will allowed to work for 20hours per week, off-campus / on-campus
3. For part-time job average Indian in UK gets 600£ per month, which is equivalent to 50,000 INR approx.
4. Average expenses for Indian would be 400£ per month. and the rest you can save :-)
5. UK doesn't have a VISA rejection policy as USA, so it is easy to get a VISA, once the application has been approved by the UK universities.

So, If you will to study in UK, you must take the IELTS/TOEFL test in your 3rd/4th year itself. And apply to universities by February of the corresponding year for September intake
Because UK universities will consider "First come First serve" criteria, you need to apply well in advance to get an admission in UK.

Any queries are welcome. :-)

The following is the link for the dictionary of MCGRAW-HILL Book Publications for Engineering Student's. I'm sharing this link hoping that it will be useful in your studies while you are referencing the books.

http://www.mediafire.com/?6la6h1ukzx21itt