NS 2

STARTING Network Simulator in Ubuntu

We can start ns with the command ‘ns YouFile.tcl’. where YouFile.tcl’ is the name of a Tcl script file which defines the simulation scenario (i.e. the topology and the events).Open you Terminal and type:

1	ns YouFile.tcl

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STARTING NAM

You can either start nam with the command ‘nam YouFile.tcl’ where ‘YouFile.tcl’ is the name of a nam trace file that was generated by ns, or you can execute it directly out of the Tcl simulation script for the simulation which you want to visualize.Open you Terminal and Type:

1	nam YouFile.tcl

Here is brief features of Network Animator

Here in this small post, i have only talk about Basics of ns,nam and Network animator 

Hi  as i have already mentinoned a small intoduction of Network simulator-2 here. Now finally i decided my self to write more about it. So today i am going to write about “From whear to Download and How to Install network Simulator-2 on any Linux Distribution(Ubuntu/Fedora).

We can build “Network-Simulator-2 either from the the various packages like Tcl/Tk, otcl,ns,nam,xgraph etc or we can go through downloading an ‘all-in-one’ package. well i suggest you to start with the all-in-one package, Beacuse it is easy to install for any newbi like me. I comes to know about disadvantage of the all-in-one distribution from it’s offical tutorial is the size, since it contains some components that we don’t need anymore after you compiled ns and nam. And remember one thing ns-allinone package work’s only in *NIX/LINUX system  .

We can Download Network Simulator-2 from the Following Source (ns-allinone Package ie. Download ns-allinone-2.35.tar.gz (59.5 MB) )

http://www.isi.edu/nsnam/ns/ns-build.html

http://sourceforge.net/projects/nsnam/files/

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After Downloading ns-allinone-2.35.tar.gz file start installing it in you Linux(Ubuntu/Fedora). I am going to First install in Fedora F17.

Installation Process For Installing Network Simulator-2(NS-2) in Fedora F17.

STEP-1

Get inside into root account,Then in home directory,and start installing Dependency for NetworkSimulator-2 in Fedora F17.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

su cd yum install autoconf yum install automake yum install gcc-c++ yum install libX11-devel yum install xorg-x11-proto-devel yum install libXt-devel yum install libXmu-devel

STEP-2

Open you Terminal (Hit Ctrl+Alt+T). get inside root, and it’s home directory.Download ns-allineone-2.35.tar.gz and then untar it.

1.su

2.cd

3.wget http://nchc.dl.sourceforge.net/project/nsnam/allinone/ns-allinone-2.35/ns-allinone-2.35.tar.gz

4.tar -xzvf ns-allinone-2.35.tar.gz

STEP-3

After untaring the above ns-allinone-2.35.tar.gz Package, a newly directory(Folder) is created.Now delete that ns-allinone-2.35.tar.gz as there is now no need of it. Get inside ns-allinone-2.35 (Directory/folder). It containes around 18 sub-directory and 3 files.

1.bin, 2.include, 3.nam-1.15, 4.README, 5.tclcl, 6.zlib-1.2.3, 7.cweb, 8.install, 8.ns-2.35, 9.sgb, 10.tclcl-1.20, 11.dei80211mr-1.1.4, 12.INSTALL.WIN32, 13.otcl, 14.share, 15.tk8.5.10, 16.gt-itm 17.lib, 18.otcl-1.14, 19.tcl8.5.10, 20. xgraph-12.2. Now install it.

1 2 3

cd ns-allinone-2.35/ ls ./install STEP-4 While installation of ns-allinone in Fedora F17, We will encounter the following error. This error tells that at line number 137 in the following file(ns-2.35/linkstate/ls.h) has mistake.And to fix this mistake i have to place ‘This->erase’ So open that file with you favorite editor like vi,nano,gedit. i have used vi 1 vi ns-allinone-2.35/ns-2.35/linkstate/ls.h Go to Line number 137 Hit “i” change the following line to “void eraseAll() { erase(baseMap::begin(), baseMap::end()); }” to this line “void eraseAll() { this->erase(baseMap::begin(), baseMap::end()); }” After that again install 1 ./install STEP-5 After giving ./install a PATH will appear on your terminals with some IMPORTANT NOTICE regading editing inside .bash_profile something like this So move into you home directory /home/you-name/ as a root user , and see the hiden file(.bash_profile) by using “ls -a” command. once you find it,just edit the PATH,according to the given instruction. Type ns in terminal if you can ” %” symbole means NetworkSimulator-2 is successfully installed in Fedora F17 Installation of NetworkSimulator-2 on Ubuntu12.04 Before starting installation Note You MUST INSTALL THIS dependency before installing Ns-2 in ubuntu 12.04 1 sudo apt-get install build-essential autoconf automake libxmu-dev STEP-1 Open you Terminal (Ctrl+Alt+t) update you package lists from the repositories by typing the following command: 1 sudo apt-get update STEP-2 Download ns-allinone-2.35.tar.gz package from sourceforge by typing the following command in terminal: 1. wget http://nchc.dl.sourceforge.net/project/nsnam/allinone/ns-allinone-2.35/ns-allinone-2.35.tar.gz STEP-3 Untar the ns-allinone-2.35.tar.gz Package, then a newly directory(Folder) is created. Now delete that ns-allinone-2.35.tar.gz, as there is now no need of it. Get inside ns-allinone-2.35 (Directory/folder). It containes around 18 sub-directory and 3 files. 1.bin, 2.include, 3.nam-1.15, 4.README, 5.tclcl, 6.zlib-1.2.3, 7.cweb, 8.install, 8.ns-2.35, 9.sgb, 10.tclcl-1.20, 11.dei80211mr-1.1.4, 12.INSTALL.WIN32, 13.otcl, 14.share, 15.tk8.5.10, 16.gt-itm 17.lib, 18.otcl-1.14, 19.tcl8.5.10, 20. xgraph-12.2. Now install it. 1 2 3 4 5 tar -xzvf ns-allinone-2.35.tar.gz ls cd ns-allinone-2.35/ ls ./install STEP-4 After giving ./install a PATH will appear on your terminals with some IMPORTANT NOTICE regading editing. So edite inside .bashrc something like this 1 2 3 4 cd ~  ls -a  sudo gedit .bashrc  source .bashrc Or there is another great and easy way to install Network Simulator-2 in ubuntu is Download direct from Repositories. sudo apt-get install ns2 sudo apt-get install nam sudo apt-get install xgraph Hy I am back once again from Long time !. I was hel busy in my college stuff. Today i am gona talk about My Minor Project called Network Simulator-2, i always thank’s to Prof. Naryan shau sir, for giving me a such a great project.:). and i am always thinking how shud i merge this project with any IBM tools, so that i can take part in The great mind challenge 2012 , but anyway let us Concentrate here. Before proceeding we need to know what is Network simulator-2 is ? A network simulator version-2 is widely known as NS2 is simply Open source an event driven simulation tool that has proved useful in studying the dynamic nature of a communication network.It is used in a simulation of wired as well as wireless network function and protocols, Example (Routing algorithms,TCP/UDP) cab be done using ns2. NS2 provides user with a way of specifying such network protocols and simulating their corresponding behaviours.Let me give you an Live example, I am going to demostrate a video in which i have stimulated a UDP packet from node 0 to node 1. 1 Lol packets are moving like Bullet is't  hahah.. So here is Question? How i did this :p. it’s really simple i made a small script in TCL language, which is basically design to stimulate UDP packet’s from node 0 to node 1 via one Link. Let me explain you..but Before check Below Fundamental’s for writing tcl script for Network simulator-2 I have devided this codes into 6 parts with each explanation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 set ns [new Simulator] set nf [open out.nam w] $ns namtrace-all $nf proc finish {} {         global ns nf         $ns flush-trace         close $nf         exec nam out.nam &         exit 0 } $ns at 3.0 "finish" set n0 [$ns node] set n1 [$ns node] $ns duplex-link $n0 $n1 1Mb 10ms DropTail $ns run 1. we need to create a simulator object something like this. 1 set ns [new Simulator] 2.Now we need to open a file for writing that is going to be used for the nam trace data.First line open a file ‘out.nam’ for writing and give it to file handle ‘nf’ 1 set nf [open out.nam w] In this code we are telling simulator object that we created above to write all simulation data that is going to be relevant for nam into this file 1 $ns namtrace-all $nf 3.This is to add a ‘finish’ procedure that closes the trace file and start nam 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 proc finish {} {         global ns nf         $ns flush-trace         close $nf         exec nam out.nam &         exit 0 } 4.This one tell simulator object to execute the ‘finish’ procedure after 3.0 seconds of simulation time 1 $ns at 3.0 "finish" 5. This code tells the simulator object to connects the nodes n0 and n1 with duplex link with a bandwidth 1 Megabit,a delay of 10ms Drop tail (A simple queue management algorithm used by internet routers to decides when to drop packets  ) 1 $ns duplex-link $n0 $n1 1Mb 10ms DropTail 6.This is a last line finally starts the simulation 1 $ns run Now save the above script with .tcl extansion, and Open a terminal type 1 ns filename.tcl You will se something like this NOW to send a data on two nodes via one link, we need to do certaine things 1.Create a UDP agent. 2.Create a CBR traffic source. 3.Create NULL agent which act as a traffic sink 4.Connect the two agent with each other. 5.Fixe the time when to send and stop a data. 1.Create a UDP agent and attach it to node n0 1 2 set udp0 [new Agent/UDP] $ns attach-agent $n0 $udp0 2.Create a CBR traffic source and attach it to udp0 1 2 3 4 set cbr0 [new Application/Traffic/CBR] $cbr0 set packetsize_ 500 $cbr0 set interval_ 0.005 $cbr0 attach-agent $udp0 3.The next lines creates a null agent which acts as traffic sink and attach it to node n1 1 2 set null0 [new Agent/null] $ns attach-agent $n1 $null0 4. Now we are going to connect two agents with each other 1 $ns connect $udp0 $null0 5 NOw to fix a time by telling CBR agent when to send data and when to stop sending a data by following code 1 2 $ns at 0.5 "$cbr0 start" $ns at 4.5 "$cbr0 stop" So here is a complete code 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 #Create a simulator object set ns [new Simulator] #Open the nam trace file set nf [open out.nam w] $ns namtrace-all $nf #Define a 'finish' procedure proc finish {} {         global ns nf         $ns flush-trace     #Close the trace file         close $nf     #Execute nam on the trace file         exec nam out.nam &         exit 0 } #Create two nodes set n0 [$ns node] set n1 [$ns node] #Create a duplex link between the nodes $ns duplex-link $n0 $n1 1Mb 10ms DropTail #Create a UDP agent and attach it to node n0 set udp0 [new Agent/UDP] $ns attach-agent $n0 $udp0 # Create a CBR traffic source and attach it to udp0 set cbr0 [new Application/Traffic/CBR] $cbr0 set packetSize_ 500 $cbr0 set interval_ 0.05 $cbr0 attach-agent $udp0 #Create a Null agent (a traffic sink) and attach it to node n1 set null0 [new Agent/Null] $ns attach-agent $n1 $null0 #Connect the traffic source with the traffic sink $ns connect $udp0 $null0  #Schedule events for the CBR agent $ns at 0.5 "$cbr0 start" $ns at 4.5 "$cbr0 stop" #Call the finish procedure after 5 seconds of simulation time $ns at 5.0 "finish" #Run the simulation $ns run Now save it with some name with .tcl extension,and again Open a terminal Type 1 ns filename.tcl Now chuck it  YOu are able to create and run UDP packets between two nodes via one link  wow congrates heheh…bbye

Refer Cyberz Tab for updates

Networking in Virtual Box █████

Networking in Virtual Box is extremly funn and powerful. Today in this articles we are studying about How to perform networking in VirtualBox.
According to official website of Oracle we can configure around 8 virtual NIC’s(Network interface Controllers),but on GUI mode you will find only 4 to configure.

VirtualBox can virtualize the following six types of networking hardware(Adapter Type):

1.  AMD PCNet PCI II (Am79C970A)
2.  AMD PCNet FAST III (Am79C973) <===(the default)
3. Intel PRO/1000 MT Desktop (82540EM)
4.  Intel PRO/1000 T Server (82543GC)
5.  Intel PRO/1000 MT Server (82545EM)
6.  Paravirtualized network adapter (virtio-net)
The PCNet FAST III is the default because it is supported by nearly all operating systems out of the box, as well as the GNU GRUB boot manager

=>There are around roughly four type of modes through which NIC operates with respect to your host physical networking.

1.NAT(Network Address Translation)
2.Bridged networking
3.Internal networking
4.Host-only networking
let us discuss each one of them 

 ██████  1.  NAT(Network Address Translation)

It is a default mode of your VirtualMachine. In this mode every Guest Operating System(1,2,3) assigned same IP address (10.0.0.7) because they thinks they are on their own isolated network. And when they send their traffic via the gateway (10.0.0.1) VirtualBox rewrites the packets to make them appear as though they originated from the Host, rather than the Guest (running inside the Host).The outside world will never be able to send or receive packets with Guest machine directly. Logically it looks like above in the picture.

You can configure NAT setting by clicking on Virtualmachine “setting” ->”Network”->” Check Mark onEnable Network adapter”->”Attach to NAT” for example here in below picture

=> NAT limitation.
 1.ICMP protocol limitations (You can’t ping or tracerouting)
 2.You can’t configure Client efficiently.
3.Receiving of UDP broadcasts is not reliable.
4.Forwarding host ports less then 1024 impossible

██████ 2.Bridged networking

When you connected with Bridged networking with your virtualmachine then it will act like a physical machine in your network.In this mode every Guest Operating system(1,2,3) assigned IP address(192.168.56.2),(192.168.56.3),(192.168.56.4) which is equivalent to host Operating system IP(192.168.56.1).It can access any services on the network such as external DHCP services,name lookup services, and routing iformation just like your Host operating system does. Logically it looks like above in the picture.

A virtual NIC’s is bridged to a physical NIC’s on you host like this by clicking on Virtual Machine “setting” ->”Network”->” Check Mark on Enable Network adapter”->”Attach to “Bridged adapter”  and in Name give “eth0″ or what ever your card name is, right now i am connected with ethernet card for example here in below picture

Bridged network limitation

Currently, VirtualBox supports only IPv4 over wireless.(On Linux Host)

██████ 3. Internal Networking

It is similar to your bridged network but in this mode Guest operating system are communicated internally. As you can see in this picture All Guest operating system (1,2,3) are internally connected with each others(The whole network is under vboxnet0). when you configure one or more Guest Operating system to sit on internal network stays within the host and is only visible to Virtual Machine or virtual network. You can configure all  Guest operating system via Host Operating System(Linux) Terminal via following commands. This will assigne the IP range to each individual Guest Operating system.

1	sudo <a class="zem_slink" title="VirtualBox" href="http://www.virtualbox.org" target="_blank" rel="homepage">VBoxManage</a> dhcpserver add --netname intnet --ip 0.0.0.0 --netmask 255.255.255.0 --lowerip 0.0.0.100 --upperip 0.0.0.199

Note: If you do not specify a network name, the network card will be attached to the network intnetby default.

You can configure Ineternal networking setting by clicking on Virtualmachine “setting” ->”Network”->” Check Mark on Enable Network adapter”->”Attach to “Internal Network” and in Name “intnet”

██████ 4.Host-only networking

When you are connected with Host-only networking. Then let me tell you,It is a hybrid of Bridged networking + Internal networking. In this mode, the Guest machine can talk to each other and also with the Host machine. It will look like, all machine including Host and Guest Machines , are connected to a physical network .which is a dedicated network device, called vboxnet0.But you will not find “Vboxnet” as by default it is empty.

To Create vboxnet0 for host only adapter you need to type the following command in your host operating system terminal.

1	VBoxManage hostonlyif create

Then after You can configure Host only networking setting by clicking on Virtualmachine “setting” ->”Network”->” Check Mark on Enable Network adapter”->”Attach to “Host-onlyl Network” and in Name “vboxnet0″ <= By default  you will see. 

Refer Cyberz Tab for updatesChat Using Command Prompt

Refer Cyberz Tab for updatesChat Using Command Prompt

To Chat Using Command Prompt Perform the following Steps

Step1-You would require the IP Address of the person you wish to chat.

Step2-Open Your Notepad and type the  following code.

@echo off:
A
Cls
echo MESSENGER
set /p n=User:
set /p m=Message:
net send %n% %m%
Pause
Goto A3.

Step3-Now save this code as "Messenger.Bat".

Step4 -Drag this file(Messenger.Bat file) over the command prompt and press Enter.

Step5-You would then see something like this:

MESSENGER
User:

Step6:Next to user type the IP Address of the computer you wish to contact.

Step7-Now all you need to do is press "Enter" and start chatting.

Note-This Works only With a Lan Connection.This might not Work in Vista and Windows
7

Linux

Important Tools and Downloads

RED FLAG LINUX

1. Download ISO file (Version 6.0 Desktop SP1)

Printer Not taking print command:
Click here to download the printflush.Zip file,extract the file and update Run Printflush.bat with administrative privileges.
now anytime print job is stuck double click the batch file and here you go.
I used the Disk Cleanup Tool in Windows Vista, and now the hybrid sleep feature and the hibernation feature are unavailable

http://go.microsoft.com/?linkid=9645383
Download and run the above file to resolve the issue.
Microsoft Downloads:
UPS Application Update

1. USB Power Surge Error 
2. Windows Vista asking for activation on a pre-installed Desktop
3. Windows installer cleanup utility
4. Windows Vista HOTFIX
5. DirectX 9c for windows XP
6. “Generic Host process Error” For Windows XP
7. Windows Defender
8. Microsoft Universal Audio Architecture drivers (UAA now same can be requested from Microsoft)
9. Decoder Checkup utility
10. Microsoft .Net framework 1.1
11. Microsoft .Net framework 2.0
12. Microsoft .Net framework 3.5
13. Microsoft® Windows® Malicious Software Removal Tool (KB890830)
14. Windows Installer 3.1 Redistributable (v2)
15. Windows Installer 4.5 Redistributable
16. Windows XP service pack 3 Standalone installer KB936929
17. Windows Vista Service Pack 1 (Information and Download)
18. Windows Vista Service Pack 2 (Requires Vista SP1 given above)
19. Search for an error message on Support.Microsoft.com
20. Windows messenger 5.1
21. Windows 7 Download and Product Key
22. Microsoft Office Trail Activation key

Anti Virus Utilities:

1. Enable registry, folder options
2. Disable Write protection on USB (New) 
3. Mal Ware removal for vista Update error
4. Generic Host process error in windows
5. Virus effect remover
6. SuperAntiSpywarePro
7. Trojan Remover Tool
8. AVAST removal Tool
9. McAfee Removal Tool
10. K7 anti virus Removal Tool
11. AVG remover 32
12. AVG remover 64
13. SymRegFix Tools For windows XP SP3 Registry error
14. Norton removal Tool
15. Kaspersky antivirus Removal Tool
16. Norton removal Tool 2009 Products
17. NO Disk Error in windows XP
18. Microsoft® Windows® Malicious Software Removal Tool (KB890830)

Haup pauge TV tuner:

1. Driver CD
2. MPEG Decoder for region not supported error
3. Driver cleanup utility
4. BB+Dongle driver

Install windows 8, Windows 7 and from a Bootable pen drive.

Hi all,  i feel too happy to share the things i Know and i wish this will help someone somewhere.

Today, here is an article to create a bootable windows installation Pen drive. This will allow us to install newer versions of windows OS from this pen drive.

The steps given below are applicable for creating a windows Vista, Windows 7 and windows 8 Bootable USB disk.

Objective: Create a bootable windows(vista , windows 7, windows 8) installation USB disk.
Requirements:

1. A USB 2.0 or 3.0 pen drive 4GB or higher
2. Original windows installation DVD media or iso image.
3. A system with Vista, windows 7 or windows 8 operating system with DVD drive.

In case you do not have any system having vista , 7 or windows 8 installed, still we can complete our task....

to do this, boot from windows vista, windows 7 or windows 8 disk, you can use any of the disks to prepare the pen drive.

after booting you will get the windows setup screen, now Press SHIFT+F10 key combination together and this will bring up command prompt on the screen, now you may follow the instructions below

1.Preparation:

First we will prepare the pen drive, to do this open CMD (command prompt) with Administrative privileges and run the following commands.

note: this is clean all the data from pen drive, be sure to backup it first.

• Type  Diskpart on command prompt
• Now type List volume, this will show all the partitions and drivers attached to pc. find the drive letter corresponding to you pen drive(in my case it is was F:)
• type select volume F
• now type clean (this will clean pen drive completely, deleting all partitions)
• now type create partition primary
• now type format fs=ntfs quick
• now type active
•  the step above automatically assigns drive letter to pen drive, but if it doesn't then you the next command.
• assign letter="f"
• now type exit

note: Command prompt is still open and let it be, our pen drive is now ready.

2.Adding boot information.

 using the command prompt, go to DVD drive and then Boot folder in windows installation DVD.

in my case E: is the DVD drive letter and prompt looks like this.(instead of E: use your DVD drive letter)

E:\

E:\BOOT>

now type the following command (f: is my pen drive letter)

bootsect.exe /nt60 f:

3.Copy.

Next step is to insert windows installation DVD and copy all the contents from your windows installation DVD to the pen drive. copy windows vista DVD if you wish to install Vista, use windows 7 disk if you wish to install 7 or use windows 8 DVD if you wish to use pen drive to install windows 8.

Yes!! and we are done!!...You can now easily boot from this pen drive and use it to install windows on and pc that support booting from Pen drive. Suitable for net books, laptops etc.

try and see if it works for you..... you may use these steps for Windows Vista, Windows 7 and Windows 8 as well.

Install Windows XP from Pen Drive without third party software

We have seen people looking for a simple solution to install Windows XP from pen drive just like they can now install windows Vista , 7 and windows 8. Well, i know one such solution exactly and i use it personally. but i never shared it though... so here it is , and i hope this will help.

Benefits: 

1. Takes less than 5 minutes to install OS.
2. Image Based installation much similar to Vista, 7 and 8 installation.
3. Tools used are from Microsoft.(ImageX).

so let's get started. i assume that you know computer and OS installation basics and have read the earlier article for preparing a bootable window Vista,7 or 8 Pen drive.

Let me explain first, given below are the steps that we will use for preparation.
Step1 : Prepare Window Vista, Window 7 or windows 8 Boot able pen drive.
Step2 : Install windows XP on a a test pc.
Step3 : Capture Windows XP image from C: partition of test pc.(using imageX.exe)
Step4 : Once the image is captured, it can be used for installation on other desktops or laptops etc.


Objective: Install windows XP from a bootable (windows) pen drive.

1: Click here and follow instructions to create a bootable windows installation drive.
2: Install a fresh copy of windows XP on a desktop computer using standard procedure. do not install any drivers or software. Shutdown your computer after first restart.
3: We will now need Microsoft ImageX

(Microsoft ImageX tool for windows.(download it from Microsoft site here) ImageX is a very tiny application which comes as part of WAIK (windows automated installation kit). download the latest iso file from the link here. its is a big image file but worth the download because we will use ImageX.exe for several different purposes. )

Time to capture the freshly installed windows XP image from C: partition. to do this follow the steps below. 

• Copy ImageX to bootable pen drive created during the Step1.
• Boot from bootable pen drive
• On the setup screen Press Shift+F10 to open command prompt.
• Now from command prompt go to pen drive.
• Now Type command Imagex /capture C: C:\WinXP.wim "XP"
• The above step will capture windows XP image from c: drive and save it with a file name Winxp.wim
• the process will take around 10-15 minutes.
• once done you may normally restart the pc.
• next step is to copy winxp.wim from c: drive to Pen drive

 and that's it!!, we are done creating a bootable pen drive that can be used to install windows Vista, windows 7 or windows 8 and Windows XP as well.

You might be wondering how to install windows XP? So here are the steps...

Explanation: to install windows XP on a fresh HDD, we will create a new partition and then after format it with NTFS. next we will make that partition active and bootable. Once done, next step would be to apply windows XP image captured earlier to the newly created partition and finally, restart PC normally.


 Objective: Install windows XP from a bootable (windows) pen drive.


1. follow the steps below to create a new partition to install windows XP. (if you already have a partition created on the Hard drive.)

1. Boot from Pen drive created earlier
2. on the setup screen press Shift+F10 to bring up Command prompt
3. Type  Diskpart on command prompt
4. Now type List disk, this will show all the Physical Hard disk drive and other drivers attached to pc. find the disk corresponding to you HDD (in my case it is was Disk 1)
5. type select disk 1
6. now type create partition primary size=102400 ( mention required partition size in MB)
7. now type format fs=ntfs quick
8. now type active
9.  the step above automatically assigns drive letter to pen drive, but if it doesn't then you the next command.
10. assign letter="C"
11. now type exit

 2.Installtion

Now using the same command prompt got to the pen drive wherein we have our WinXP.wim and imagex.exe file.

now from the command prompt type the following commands.

imagex /apply WinXP.wim 1 C:\

C: is the drive letter on which we you wish to install OS.

now patiently wait for process to finish up. it would take around a minute or 2. you will be able to see the progress in the command prompt window.

2.Adding boot information to Windows Partition.

using the command prompt, go to Pen drive and then Boot folder. In my case E: is the Pen drive letter and prompt looks like this.(instead of E: use your Pen drive letter)

E:\

E:\BOOT>

now type the following command

bootsect.exe /nt52 C:

the above command will make the partition bootable with NTLDR.

and we are done now...!!
Close all windows and restart pc normally, you will be greeted with windows XP logo....

Now go ahead give it a try...and do not forget to share your experience... And while installing Win XP, if we change the priority of setup process through task manager (Shift+F10 then type taskmgr and press enter) to high then within 15 min Win-XP will install.

Solution -Windows 8 not detecting CD DVD drive

I have been through several forums and disscustion boards stating about an issue with windows 8 out of which the DVD /CD drives no longer get detected. well here is some explanation to it and a way to make it work if it is not working as expected.

http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/hardware/jj591582.aspx 

Zero Power Optical Disk Drive

Zero Power Optical Disk Drive (Zero Power ODD or ZPODD) is one of many new Windows 8 features introduced for power efficiency. On a system enabled with ZPODD, when Windows 8 detects that there is no media in an optical drive, power to the optical drive is cut off. As soon as the user attempts to use the optical drive, power to the optical drive automatically resumes and the user will be able to use the optical drive immediately, unaware that the power to the device was ever turned off. Everything happens in the background and normal user interaction is not affected. ZPODD applies only to optical drives that use the slimline SATA connector and is typically found on laptops. Some servers and desktops also use a slimline SATA connector for optical drives.
In order for ZPODD to work, the ZPODD feature must be supported by the optical drive, the motherboard, and the BIOS.
In some cases even after inserting a Disk in the drive, the drive icon still doesn't show up. you may follow the steps below to make that work.


1. Run Command Prompt as an  Administrator. Directly type cmd in the new Start Screen(a.k.a Windows 8 Metro UI) and press cltr+shift+enter.

Now copy the following , right click command prompt and select paste and the Enter.
reg.exe add "HKLM\System\CurrentControlSet\Services\atapi\Controller0" /f /v EnumDevice1 /t REG_DWORD /d 0x00000001

2.Reboot the system 
3.Verify if the problem has been resolved.