English

There will be two question papers,  English Paper II and Paper III (Parts-A & B). English Paper II will cover 50 Objective Type Questions (Multiple choice, Matching type, True and False, Assert-Reasoning type) carrying 100 marks.
English Paper III will have two Parts-A and B; Paper III-A will have 10 Short Essay type questions (300 words) carrying 16 marks each. In it there will be one question with internal choice from each unit (i.e.. 10 questions from 10 units; Total marks will be 160).
  English Paper III-B will be compulsory and there will be one question from each of the Electives. The candidate will attempt only one question (one Elective only in 800 words) carrying 40 marks. Total marks of  English Paper III will be 200.

English Paper II

• Chaucer to Shakespeare
• Jacobean to Restoration Periods
• Augustan Age: 18th Century Literature
• Romantic Period
• Victorian Period
• Modern Period
• Contemporary Period
• American and other non-British
• Literature's Literary Theory and Criticism
• Rhetoric and Prosody

  English Paper III-A (Core Group)

• British Literature from Chaucer to the present day, Criticism and Literary Theory.
• Unit-I: Literary Comprehension
  With internal choice of poetry stanza and prose passage; four comprehension questions will be asked carrying 4 marks each.
• Unit-II: Up to the Renaissance
• Unit-III: Jacobean to Restoration Periods
• Unit-IV: Augustan Age 18th Century Literature
• Unit-V: Romantic Period
• Unit-VI: Victorian and Pre-Raphaelites
• Unit-VII: Modem British Literature
• Unit-VIII: Contemporary British Literature
• Unit-IX: Literary Theory and Criticism up to T. S. Eliot
• Unit-X: Contemporary Theory

English Paper III-B (Elective or Optional)

• Elective-I:
  History of English Language, English Language Teaching.
• Elective-II:
  European Literature from Classical Age to the 20th Century.
• Elective-III:
  Indian writing in English and Indian Literature in English translation.
• Elective-IV:
  American and other non-British English Literatures. Elective-V: Literary Theory and Criticism.

(History)

There will be two question papers;  History Paper II and Paper III (Parts-A & B).  History Paper II will cover 50 Objective Type Questions (Multiple choice, Matching type, True and False, Assert-Reasoning Type) carrying 100 marks.
  History Paper III will have two Parts-A and B; Paper-III-A will have 10 Short Essay Type questions (300 words) carrying 16 marks each. In it there will be one question with internal choice from each unit (i.e.. 10 questions from 10 units; Total marks will be 160).
  History Paper III-B will be compulsory and there will be one question from each of the Electives. The candidate will attempt only one question (one elective only in 800 words) carrying 40 marks. Total marks of  History Paper III will be 200.

Paper-II

• Concepts, Ideas & terms
• Bharatvarsha, Sabha and Samiti
• Varnasrama
• Purusharthas
• Rina Samskaras
• Yajna Doctrine of Karma
• Dandaniti/Arthasastra
• Saptanga
• Dharmavijaya
• Stupa/Chaitya
• Nagara/Dravida/Vesara
• Bodhisattva/Tirthankara
• Alvars/Nayanars
• Sreni
• Kara/Vishti
• Stridhana
• Memorial Stones
• Agraharas
• Khilafat
• Sulah-i-kul
• Maharashtra-Dharma
• Turkan-i-Chahlghani
• Watan
• Baluta
• Iqta
• Jizyah
• Madad-i-maash Amaram Raya-Rekho Jangama
• Chauth Hundi (Bills of Exchange)
• Sarraf
• Polygars
• Jagir
• Dastur Mansab (Rank)
• Deshmukh
• Nadu
• Pargana
• Bengal Valshnavism
• Altmagha
• Shahna-i-Mandi
• Mercantilism
• Economic Nationalism
• Indian Renaissance
• Economic Drain
• Colonialism
• Paramountcy
• Dyarehy
• Federalism
• Utitttarianism
• Filtration Theory
• Forward Policy
• Doctrine of Lapse
• Saiyagraha
• Swadeshi
• Revivalism
• Communalism
• Orientalism
• De-industrialisation
• Subsidiary Alliance
• Evangelicalism
• Bhudan
• Panchsheel
• Mixed Economy
• Indian Left
• Hindu Code Bill
• Ancient Indian History
• Sources:
• Archaeological Sources
• Exploration, excavation, epigraphy, numismatics, monuments
• Literary Sources
• Indigenous: Primary and Secondary-problems of dating, myths, legends, poetry, scientific literature, literature in regional languages, religious literature.
• Foreign accounts: Greek, Chinese and Arab writers.
• Pre-history and Proto-history
• Man and Environment-geographical factors. Hunting and gathering (Paleolithic and Mesolithic). Beginning of agriculture (Neolithic and Chalcolithic).
• Indus Valley Civilization-origin, date, extent, characteristics, decline, survival and significance.
• Iron age; Second urbanisation.
• Vedic Period: Migrations and settlements; dating the Vedic-Literary and archaealogical, evidences, evolution of social and political institutions; religious and philosophical ideas, rituals and practices.
• Period of Mahajanapadas: Formation of States (Mahajanapadas); Republics and Monarchies; rise of urban centres; trade routes; economic growth; introduction of coinage; spread of Jainism and Buddhism; rise of Magadha and Nandas.
• Iranian and Macedonian Invasions and their impact.
• Malayan Empire: Foundation of the Mauryan Empire, Chandragupta, Kautilya and Arthashastra; Ashoka; Concept of Dharma; Edicts; Brahmi and Kharosthi scripts.
• Administration; economy; architecture and sculpture; external contacts.
• Disintegration of the empire; Sungas and Kanvas.
• Post-Mauryan Period (Indo-Greeks, Sakas, Kushanas, Western Kshatrapas): Contact with outside world; growth of urban centres, economy, coinage, development of religions, Mahayana, social conditions, art and architecture, literature and science. Early state and society-in Eastern India, Deccan and South India .
• Kharavela, The Satavahanas, Tamil States of the Sangam Age. Administration; economy, land grants, coinage, trade guilds and urban centres, Buddhist centres, Sangam literature and culture; art and architecture.
• Imperial Guptas and Regional States of India.
• Guptas and Vakatakas, Harsha, Administration, economic conditions, coinage of the Guptas, land grants, decline of urban centres, Indian feudalism, caste system, position of women, education and educational institutions-Nalanda, Vikramshila and Vallabhi, contact with neighbouring countries-Central Asia, South-East Asia and China, Sanskrit literature, scientific literature, art and architecture.
• The Kadambas, Gangas, Pallavas and Chalukyas of Badami-Administration, trade guilds, Sanskrit literature and growth of regional languages and scripts; growth of Vaishnava and Saiva religions. Tamil Bhakti Movement, Shankaracharya-Vedanta; Institutions of temple and temple architecture.
• Varmanas of Kamrup; Palas and Senas, Rashtrakutas, Pratiharas, Kalachuri-Chedis; Paramaras; Chalukyas of Gujarat. Arab contacts-Ghaznavl Conquest, Alberuni.
• The Chalukyas of Kalyana, Cholas, Cheras, Hoysalas, Pandyas-Administration and local Government, growth of art and architecture, religious sects, Institution of temple and Mathas, Agraharas, education and literature, economy and society, contact with Sri Lanka and South-East Asia.
• Medieval Indian History
• Sources and Historiography:
• Archival materials, biographies and memories, newspapers. Oral evidence, creative literature and painting.
• Concerns in Modern Indian Historiography-Imperialist, Nationalist. Marxist and Subaltern.
• Rise of British Power
• European traders in India in the 17th and 18th centuries-Portuguese, Dutch, French and the British.
• The establishment and expansion of British dominion in India.
• British relations with and subjugation of the principal Indian Powers-Bengal, Oudh, Hyderabad, Mysore, Marathas and the Sikhs.
• Administration of the Company and Crown
• Evolution of central and provincial structure under the East India Company, 1773 - 1853.
• Paramountcy, Civil Service, Judiciary, Police and the Army under the Company and Crown.
• Local Self-Government
• Constitutional changes, 1909 - 1935.
• Economic History
• Changing composition, volume and direction of trade; The Tribute. Expansion and commercialisation of agriculture, land rights, land settlements, rural indebtedness, landless labour.
• Decline of industries-changing socio-economic conditions of artisans; De-urbanisation.
• British Industrial Policy; major modern industries; nature of factory legislation; labour and trade union movements.
• Monetary policy, banking, currency and exchange, Railways and Road Transport.
• Growth of new urban centres; new features of town planning and architecture.
• Famines, and epidemics and the government policy. Economic Thought-English utilitarians; Indian economic historians; the Drain theory.
• Indian Society in Transition
• Contact with Christianity-the Missions; critique of Indian social and economic practices and religious beliefs; educational and other activities.
• The New Education-Government policy; levels and contents. English language; modern science; Indian initiatives in education.
• Raja Rammohan Roy; socio-religious reforms; emergence of middle class; caste associations and caste mobility.
• Women's Question-Nationalist Discourse; Women's Organisations; British legislation concerning women; Constitutional position.
• The Printing Press-journalistic activity and the public opinion.
• Modernisation of Indian languages and literary forms-reorientation in painting, music and performing arts.
• National Movement
• Rise of Indian nationalism, social and economic bases of nationalism. Revolt of 1857 and different social classes. Tribal and peasant movements
• Ideologies and programs of the Indian National Congress, 1885 - 1920. Trends in Swadeshi movement.
• Ideologies and programs of Indian revolutionaries in India and abroad.
• Gandhian Mass Movements.
• Ideology and program of the Justice Party.
• Left Wing Politics.
• Movement of the Depressed
• classes. Communal politics and genesis of Pakistan.
• Towards Independence and Partition.
• India after Independence (1947 - 1964)
• Rehabilitation after Partition.
• Integration of the Indian States; The Kashmir Question.
• The making of the Indian Constitution.
• The structure of Bureaucracy and the Policy.
• The demographic trends.
• Economic policies and the planning process.
• Linguistic reorganisation of States.
• Foreign policy initiatives.
• World History: Concepts, Ideas and Terms
• Pre-history
• Burial Practices
• Mother-Goddess
• Law codes
• Athenian Democracy
• Imperial Rome
• Slavery
• Aristocracy
• Confucianism
• Manorial system
• Black Death
• Feudalism
• Humanism
• Enlightened Despotism
• Divine Right
• Supremacy of Church
• Holy Roman Empire
• Social Contract and General Will
• Nation States
• Renaissance
• Reformation
• Darwinism
• Great Depression (1929)
• Feminism
• Non-alignment Parliamentary Democracy
• Nazism
• Commonwealth
• Imperialism
• Socialism
• Balance of Power
• Apartheid
• Rights of Man
• Cold War
• Post-modernism
• Research in History
• Scope and value of History
• Objectivity and Bias in History
• History and its auxiliary sciences
• Area of research-proposed
• Sources-Primary/secondary in the proposed area of research
• Modern Historical Writing in the researchers area of research

Paper-III-A (Core Group)

• Unit 1
• From the Indus Valley Civilization to the Mahajanapadas
• Age, extent and characteristics of the Indus Valley Civilization.
• Vedic culture-Early and Late-Geography: Social and Political institutions, Economic conditions. Religious and Philosophical ideas.
• Mahajanapadas, Republics, Economic growth-Emergence of Jainism and Buddhism-Rise of Magadha-Macedonian invasion and its effects.
• Unit 2
• History of India from 4th Century BC to 3rd Century AD .
• Foundation of the Mauryan Empire-Chandragupta, Asoka and his Dhamma, Mauryan administration, Economy, Art and Architecture, Disintegration of the Mauryan empire.
• Sangam Age
• Sungas, Satvahanas and Kushanas: Administration, religion, society, economy, trade and commerce, culture-Art and architecture, Literature.
• Unit 3
• India from the 4th century AD to 12th century AD
• Gupta-Vakataka Age-Harsha-Pallavas-Early Chalukyas-Rashtrakutas-Cholas-Pratiharas-Palas-A brief survey of the history of the Paramaras, Kalachuris, Gahadavalas and Chauhans-Administration.
• Feudalism. Society, Position of Women, Educational centres, Economy. Religious trends, styles of temple architecture, art, literature, An outline of scientific and technological developments.
• India's contacts with the outside world.
• Unit 4
• India from 1206 to 1526
• Expansion and Consolidation; The Ghorids. The Turks. The Khaljis
• The Tughlaqs, The Sayyids and the Lodis.
• Vijayanagar and Bahamani Kingdoms.
• State and Religion-Concept of sovereignty, Religious movements and Sufism.
• Economic Aspect-Urban Centres, Industries, Trade and Commerce, Land Revenue and Prices.
• Mongol problem and its impact.
• Administrative structure.
• Art, Architecture and Literature
• Sources-Archaeological, Persian and non-Persian literature, Foreign travellers'account.
• Unit 5
• India from 1526 onward
• Sources of Mughal period.
• Mughal Expansion and Consolidation-Babur's establishment of Mughal rule in India; Humayun and Surs; Akbar × Jahangir, Shahjahan and Aurangzeb.
• Mughal relations with the nobility and the Rajputs.
• Jahangir-the period of stability and expansion 1611 - 1621; the period of crises 1622 - 1627-The Nurjahan Junta.
• Decline of Mughal Empire. Political, administrative and economic causes.
• The Maratha Movement, the foundation of Swarajya by Shivaji-its expansion and administration, Maratha Confederacy and causes of decline.
• Administration: Sher Shah's administrative reforms, Mughal administration, land revenue and other sources of income, Mansabdari and Jagirdari.
• Unit 6
• Socio-economic and cultural life under the Mughals
• Village society and economy
• Art, architecture and literature
• Trade and Commerce
• Religious policy from Akbar to Aurangzeb
• Urban centres and Industries
• Currency
• Position of women
• Unit 7
• Foundation of the British Rule
• Rise of European powers-Expansion and Consolidation of the British rule.
• British relations with major Indian powers-Bengal, Oudh, Hyderabad, Mysore, Marathas and Sikhs.
• Administration under the East India Company and Crown, Paramountcy, Civil Service, Judiciary. Police and Army.
• Local Self-Government, Constitutional Development from 1909 to 1935.
• Unit 8
• Economic and Social Policies
• Agrarian policy of the British, Land Revenue, Agriculture and Land Rights, Famine policy, Rural indebtedness.
• Policy towards trade, and industries, Condition of Labour. Trade Union Movements, Factory Legislation, Banking, Transport, Drain Theory.
• Indian Society in transition, Christian missions, Socio-religious reform movements, Status of women.
• New educational policy, English language, Modern sciences, Journalism, Indian languages and literature.
• Unit 9
• National Movement and Post-Independent India
• Rise of nationalism, Revolt of 1857, Tribal and Peasant Movements, Ideologies and Programs of Indian National Congress, Swadeshi Movement, Indian Revolutionary Movement in India and abroad.
• Gandhian Mass Movements, Ideologies and Programs of the Justice Party; Left wing politics, Movement of the depressed classes, Genesis of Pakistan, India towards Independence, and Partition.
• India after Independence, Rehabilitation after partition, Integration of Indian States, the Kashmir Question.
• Making of the Indian Constitution, Structure of Bureaucracy and the police, Economic policies and the planning process, Linguistic reorganisation of the States, foreign policy initiatives.
• Unit 10 A (World History-Concepts, Ideas and Terms)
• Renaissance, Reformation
• Enlightenment, Rights of Man
• Apartheid
• Imperialism
• Socialism
• Nazism
• Parliamentary Democracy
• Commonwealth
• Efforts at World Peace, Cold War
• Post-modernism
• Unit 10 B (Research in History)
• Scope and Importance of History
• Objectivity and Bias in History
• Causation in History
• History and its auxiliary sciences
• Significance of Regional History
• Recent trends of Indian History
• Research Methodology
• Area of Proposed Research
• Sources-Primary/Secondary in the Proposed area of Research. Recent Historical writings in the Proposed area of Research.

 HISTORY PAPER III-B (Elective or Optional)

• Elective-I: Ancient Indian History
• Stone-Age Cultures of India
• Origin, date, extent and characteristics of the Indus Valley Civilization.
• Evolution of social and political institutions in the Vedic period
• Economic and religious developments in 6th century BC
• Sources of Mauryan History-Megasthenes, Kautilya, Asokan edicts and Simhalese chronicles.
• Economy and trade during 2nd century bc - 3rd century AD-Schools of art-Development of Stupa and Chaitya architecture.
• Assessment of the Gupta Age
• Ancient Indian Republics-History of Local Self-Government in India Indian feudalism.
• Indian contacts with the outside world in the ancient period.
• Contribution of Sankara and Ramanuja to religion and philosophy.
• Elective-II: Medieval Indian History
• Sources on Medieval Indian History
• North-West frontier and Deccan Policy of the Mughals
• Society and Economy during Medieval period
• Religion, Art, Architecture and Literature during Medieval period
• Urban Economy, Trade and Commerce during Medieval period
• Legacy of the Mughals
• 18th Century Debate
• Significance of Regional History
• Elective-III: Modern Indian History
• The Establishment and Expansion of the British Dominion in India
• Constitutional Development from 1858 to 1935
• The British Agrarian Policies
• The Relief Measures adopted by the British
• Education and Social Reforms Under the British
• Socio-Religious Reform Movements in the 19th Century
• Rise of Nationalism and the Indian National Congress
• The Gandhian Era
• Towards Independence and Partition
• The Making of the Indian Constitution and its working

(Education)

There will be two question papers, Education Paper II and Paper III (Part-A & B).  Education Paper II will cover 50 Objective Type Questions (Multiple choice. Matching, type, True and False, Assert-Reasoning type) carrying 100 marks.
  Education Paper III will have two Parts-A and B; Paper-III-A will have 10 short essay type questions (300 words) carrying 16 marks each. In it there will be one question with internal choice from each unit (i.e.. 10 questions from 10 units; Total marks will be 160).
  Education Paper III-B will be compulsory and there will be one question from each of the Elective. The candidate will attempt only one question (one elective only in 800 words) carrying 40 marks. Total marks of Paper III will be 200.


Paper-II

• Philosophical Foundation of Education
Relationship of Education and Philosophy

Western Schools of Philosophy:

Idealism, Realism, Naturalism, Pragmatism, Existentialism, Marxism with special reference to the concepts of knowledge, reality and values their educational implications for aims, contents and methods of education.

Indian Schools of Philosophy (Sankhya, Vedanta, Buddhism, Jainism, Islamic traditions) with special reference to the concept of knowledge, reality and values and their educational implications.

Contributions of Vivekananda, Tagore, Gandhi and Aurobindo to educational thinking. National values as enshrined in the Indian Constitution, and their educational implications.

Modern concept of Philosophy: Analysis-Logical analysis. Logical empiricism and Positive relativism- (Morris L. Prigge).


• Sociological Foundations of Education
Relationship of Sociology and Education

Meaning and nature of Educational Sociology and Sociology of Education.

Education-as a social subsystem-specific characteristics Education and the home.

Education and the Community 6 with special reference to Indian Society.

Education and Modernization.

Education and Politics.

Education and Religion.

Education and Culture.

Education and Democracy.

Socialization of the Child.

Meaning and Nature of Social Change.

Education as related to Social Stratification and Social Mobility.

Education as related to Social Equity and Equality of Educational Opportunities.

Constraints on Social Change in India (Caste, Ethnicity, Class, Language, Religion, Regionalism).

Education of the socially and economically disadvantaged sections of the society with special reference to scheduled castes and scheduled tribes, women and rural population.


• Psychological Foundations of Education
Relationship of Education and Psychology

Process of Growth and Development.

Physical, social, emotional and intellectual.

Development of concept formation, logical reasoning, problem solving and creative thinking; language development.

Individual differences-determinants; role of heredity and environment; implications of individual differences for organising educational programs. Intelligence-its theories and measurement.

Learning and Motivation


• Theories of learning-Thorndike is connectionism; Pavlov's classical and Skinner's operant conditioning;
• Learning by insight; Hull's reinforcement theory and Tolman's theory of learning; Lewin's-Field theory.
• Gagne's Hierarchy of Learning.
• Factors Influencing Learning.
• Learning and Motivation.
• Transfer of learning and its theories.
Psychology and education of exceptional children-creative, gifted, backward, learning disables and mentally retarded.

Personality-type and trait theories-measurement of personality

Mental health and hygiene-process of adjustment, conflicts and defence mechanism, mental hygiene and mental health. Sex Education Guidance.


• Methodology of Educational Research
Nature and Scope of Educational Research.

Meaning and Nature.

Need and Purpose.

Scientific Inquiry and Theory Development-some emerging trends in research Fundamental-Applied and Action Research.

Formulation of Research Problem.

Criteria and sources for identifying the problem.

Delineating and Operationalizing variables.

Developing Assumptions and Hypothesis in various types of Research.

Collection of Data Concept of population and sample various methods of sampling Characteristics of a good sample.

Tools and Techniques.

Characteristics of a good research tool.

Types of research tools and techniques and their uses.

Questionnaire-Interviews-Observations.

Tests and scales, projective and sociometric techniques.

Major Approaches to Research.


• Descriptive Research.
• Ex-post facto Research.
• Laboratory Experiment.
• Field Experiment.
• Field Studies.
• Historical Research.
• Analysis of Data
Descriptive and Inferential Statistics. The null hypothesis, test of significance, types of error, one-tailed and two-tailed tests.

 Education Paper III-A Core Group

• Unit- I
Western Schools of Philosophy:

Idealism, Realism, Naturalism, Pragmatism, Existentialism; with special reference to the concepts of knowledge, reality and values; their educational implications for aims, contents and methods of education.

Indian Schools of Philosophy (Vedanta, Buddhism, Jainism, Islamic traditions) with Special Reference to the Concepts of Knowledge, Reality and Values and their Educational Implications.

Contributions of Indian Thinkers, like Vivekananda, Tagore, Gandhi and Aurobindo to educational thinking.


• Unit- II
Meaning and Nature. Education and Social change, constraints on social change (caste, ethnicity, class, language, religion, population and regionalism).

Education as related to social equity and equality of educational opportunities. Education of socially and economically disadvantaged section of society with special reference to scheduled castes and scheduled tribes, women and rural populations.


• Unit- III
Process of Growth and Development

Physical, Social, Emotional and Intellectual.

Development of Concept Formation, Logical Reasoning, Problem-Solving and Creative Thinking Language Development.

Individual differences-determinants-role of heredity and environment. Implications of individual differences for organising educational programs.
• Unit- IV
Intelligence-its Theories and Measurement Learning and Motivation:

Theories of Learning: Thorndike's conditions, Pavlov's classical and Skinner's operant conditioning; learning by insight. Hull's reinforcement theory and Tolman's theory of Learning.

Gagne's Hierarchy of Learning.

Factors Influencing Learning.

Learning and Motivation.

Transfer of learning and its theories.


• Unit- V
Personality-type and trait Theories-Measurement of Personality Mental Health and Hygiene.

Process of adjustment, conflicts and defence mechanism, mental hygiene.


• Unit- VI
Concept and principles of guidance and counselling, types of guidance and counselling.

Tools and Techniques of Guidance-records, scales and tests, techniques, interview.

Organizing Guidance services at different levels of education, occupational information, kinds of services, like information, testing, counselling and follow-up:


• Unit- VII
Sample:Concept of Population and Sample, various methods of sampling.

Hypotheses: Concept, difference with Assumptions, Source, various types of Hypothesis.

Tools: Questionnaire, Observation and Interview as Tools of Data Collection, Tests and Scales.


• Unit- VIII
Descriptive Research, Ex-post facto Research, Survey Research, Historical Research.

Experimental Research: Designs of experimental research, characteristics. Internal and external validity in experimental research.

Qualitative Research: Phenomenologlcal Research, Ethnomethodical and Naturalistic inquiry.


• Unit- IX
Universalization of elementary education in India.

Vocationalization of education in USA and India.

Educational administration in USA, UK (Britain and Ireland) and India.

Distance education and continuing education in Australia, UK and India.


• Unit- X
Construction and Development of Curriculum

Different Models-Administrative-Grass root-Demonstration-System Analysis-Curriculum Evaluation-Formative-Summative-Interpretation of evaluation results.

 Education Paper III-B Elective/ Optional

• Elective- I
Development of Modern Concept of Educational Administration from 1900 to Present-day.
• Taylorism
• Administration as a process
• Administration as a bureaucracy
• Human Relations Approach to Administration
• Meeting the Psychological needs of employees, systems approach specific trends in Educational Administration such as
• Decision making
• Organizational Compliance
• Organizational Development
• PERT
• Modern Trends in Educational Management
Leadership in Educational Administration:
• Meaning and Nature of Leadership
• Theories of Leadership
• Styles of Leadership
• Measurements of Leadership
Educational Planning:
• Meaning and Nature
• Approaches to Educational Planning
• Perspective Planning
• Institutional Planning
Educational Supervision:
• Meaning and Nature
• Supervision as Service Activity
• Supervision as a Process
• Supervision as Functions
• Supervision as Educational Leadership
• Modern Supervision
• Functions of Supervision
• Planning the Supervisory Program
• Organizing Supervisory Program
• Implementing Supervisory Program

Elective- II

Educational Measurement and Evaluation Concept, Scope, need and relevance Tools of measurement and evaluation subjective and objective tools, essay test objective test, scales, questionnaires, schedules, inventories, performance tests.

Characteristics of a good measuring Instrument:

• Validity • Reliability • Norms • Usability Test Standardization:

• Norm-referenced and criterion-referenced tests, scaling-standard scores. T-Scores and C-scores. • Steps in the standardization of a test. • Measurement of achievement, aptitudes, intelligence, attitudes, interests and skills. • Interpretation of test-scores and methods of feedback to students. New Trends:

• Grading, Semester, Continuous Internal Assessment, Question Bank, uses of computer in evaluation, qualitative analysis.

Elective- III

• Meaning and Scope of Educational Technology:
• Educational Technology as systems approach to education.
• Systems approach in educational technology and its characteristics.
• Components of educational technology, software, hardware Multi-media approach in Educational Technology.
• Modelities of Teaching-difference between teaching and instruction, conditioning and training.
• Stages of teaching-pre-active. Interactive and post-active Teaching at different levels-memory, understanding and reflective.
• Modification of teaching behaviour: Microteaching, Flander's Interaction Analysis, simulation.
• Programmed Instruction-origin, types, linear and branching, development of programmed instruction material-linear/branching model, teaching machines, computer assisted instruction.
• Models of Teaching: Concept, different families of teaching models
• Designing Instructional System.
• Formulation of instructional.
• Objectives Task.
• Analysis Designing of Instructional Strategies, such as Lecture, Team Teaching, Discussion, Panel Discussion, Seminars and Tutorials.
• Communication Process: Concept of communication, Principles. Modes and Barriers of communication, Classroom communication (interaction verbal and non-verbal).
• Distance Education: Concept, Different contemporary systems, viz. Correspondence, Distance and open; Student support services; Evaluation Strategies in Distance Education; Counselling Methods in Distance Education.
• Development of Evaluation Tools-Norm-referenced and criterion-referenced tests.

Elective- IV

Concept and Nature of Special Education

• Objectives
• Types
• Historical perspective
• Integrated education

Education of Mentally Retarded

• Characteristics of the retarded
• Educable mentally retarded
• Teaching strategies
• Enrichment programs
• Remedial programs
• Etiology and prevention
• Mental hygiene as remediation

Education of the visually impaired

• Characteristics
• Degree of impairment
• Etiology and prevention
• Educational programs

Education of the Hearing Impaired

• Characteristics
• Degree of impairment
• Etiology and prevention
• Educational programs

Education of the Orthopaedically Handicapped

• Types of handicap
• Characteristics
• Characteristics

Education of the Gifted and Creative Children

• Characteristics
• Creativity and identification process
• Educational Programs

Learning Disabled Children

• Characteristic
• Identification
• Educational Program

Education of Juvenile Delinquents

• Characteristics
• Problems of alcoholion, drug adiction
• Anti-Social and character disorder
• Educational Programs for Rehabilitation

Elective- V

Teacher Education: Historical perspective Recommendations Of various commissions on teacher education; Kothari Commission.

National Policy on Education

Aims and objectives of teacher education at:

• Elementary Level
• Secondary Level
• College level

Teaching as a Profession:

• Professional organisations for various levels of teachers and their role; performance appraisal of teachers.
• Faculty improvement program for Teacher Education.

Types of teacher education programs and agencies:

• Inservice Teacher Education.
• Preservice Teacher Education.

Orientation and Refresher courses Current Problems:

• Teacher Education and Practicing Schools
• Teacher Education and Other Institutions
• Preparing Teachers for special schools
• Implementation of curricula of teacher education

Areas of Research:

• Teaching Effectiveness
• Criteria of Admission
• Modification of Teacher Behaviour
• School Effectiveness

Environmental Science

There will be two question papers, Paper-II and paper-III(Part A & Part B) paper –II will be cover 50 objective type question(Multiple type, matching type ,true/false, Assertion Reasoning type) carrying 100 marks Paper-III will have two parts Part-A and Part-B
Paper-III will have 10 short essay type question (300 words) carrying 16 marks ach. In it there will be one question with internal choice from each unit (i.e 10 question form 10 units Total marks will be 160) Paper-IIIB will be compulsory and there will be one question form each of the elective. The candidate will attempt only one question (One elective only in 800 words) carrying 40 marks. Total marks of paper-III will be 200

Paper-II & III (Part A & B)

• Unit- I
Definition, principles and scope of environmental science
Earth, Man and environment, ecosystem, pathways in ecosystem
Physic-Chemical and Biological factors in the environment
Geographical classification and Zones
Structure ad composition of atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere and biosphere, Mass and energy transfer across the various interface material balance , first and second law of thermodynamics, Heat transfer process, Scale of Metrology, Pressure, temperature, precipitation, Humidity, radiation and wind, Atmosphere stability, inversions and mixing height, windrose
Natural resources, conservation and sustainable development
• Unit- II
Fundamental of Environmental chemistry: Stochiometry, Gibbs' energy, chemical Potential, chemical equilibrium acid base reactions, Solubility product, solubility of gases in water, the carbonate system, Unsaturated and saturated hydrocarbons, radio nuclides
Chemical compositions of Air: Classification of elements, chemical speciation, Particles, Ions and radicals in atmosphere, chemical processes for formation of inorganic and organic particulate matter, thermo chemical and photochemical reaction in atmosphere Oxygen and Ozone chemistry, chemistry of air pollutants , photochemical smog
Water Chemistry: Chemistry of water, Concept of DO, BOD, COD, Sedimentation coagulation, filtration , redox potential
Soil Chemistry: Inorganic and organic components of soil, Nitrogen pathways and NPK in soils
Toxic Chemicals in the environment-Air, Water: Pesticides in water, Biochemical aspects of Arsenic, Cadmium, Led Mercury, Carbon monoxide, Ozone and PAN pesticides, insecticides, MIC, carcinogens in the air
Principles of Analytical method: Titrimetry, Gravimetry, Colourimetry, Spectrophotometer, chromography, gas Chromatography, Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry, GLC, HPLC, Electrophoresis, X-Rays fluorescence, X-ray diffraction , Flame photometry

• Unit- III
Definition, Principles and scope of ecology, Human ecology and Human settlement, evolution, origin of life and speciation ecosystem: Structure and functions, Abiotic and biotic components, energy flows, food chains, Food, web, Ecological pyramids, types and diversity Ecological succession, population, community ecology ad Parasitism, Preypredator relationships
Common Flora and fauna in India
Aquatic: Phytoplankton, Zooplankton and Macrophytes
terrestrial: forest
Endangere and Threatened Species
Biodiversity and it's conservation: definition, Hotspots of biodiversity, Strategies for biodiversity conservation, National and Sanctuaries, gene pool
Micro flora of Atmosphere: Air Sampling techniques, Identification of aeroallergens, Air-borne disease and allergies
Environmental Biotechnology : fermentation Technology, sericulture technology, Biofertilizer technology

• Unit- IV
environmental geosciences: Fundamental Concepts
the earth system and Biosphere: Conservation of matter in various geosphere-lithosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere and biosphere, energy budget of the earth, earth's environment, and seasons. ecosystems flow of energy and matter, coexistent in communities-Food webs, Earth's major
ecosystems-terrestrial and aquatic, General relationship between landscape, biomes and climate, Climate of India, Indian Monsoon, nino, Droughts, tropical cyclones and western Disturbances
Earth Process and Geological hazards " Earth's process, Concept of residences and rate of natural cycles, Catastrophic geological hazard, Study of floods, landslide, earthquakes, volcanism and avalanche, prediction and perception of the hazards and adjustment to hazardous activities
Mineral Resources ad environment: Global Water Balance, Ice sheets and fluctuating of sea levels, Origin and composition of seawater, hydrological cycle, factor influencing the surface water, Types of Water, Resources of Ocean, Oceans pollution by toxic wastes, Human use of surface water and ground water, Ground water pollution
Land use Planning: The plan use plan, Soil Surveys in relation to land use planning, Methods of site selection and evaluation
environmental; geochemistry : Concept t of major , trace and REE, Classification pf the trace elements, Mobility of trace elements, geochemical cycles, Biogeological factors in environmental health, Human use, Trace elements, ad health, possible effects of some unbalance elements. Diseases induces by human use of land
Principles of remote sensing and it's application of environmental science
application of GIS in environmental Management

• Unit- V
Sun as source of energy, Solar radiation and it's spectral characteristics, Fossils fuels-classification, compositions, Physic-chemical chrematistics and energy content of coal, Petroleum and natural gas, Principles of generation of hydroelectric power, tidal, Ocean thermal energy conversion, Wind, Geothermal energy, Solar collector, Photovoltaic, solar pond, nuclear energy-Fission and fusion, magneto hydrodynamic power, Bioenergy-energy from biomass and biogas, Anaerobic digestion, energy use pattern in different parts of the World Environmental implication of energy uses, CO2 emissions, global warming , air and thermal palliation , radioactive waste and radioactivity form nuclear reactors, Impacts of large scale exploitation of Solar , Wind , Hydro and Ocean energy
• Unit- VI
AIR: Natural and anthropogenic source of pollution, Primary and Secondary pollutants , Transport and diffusion of pollutants, gas laws governing the behavior of pollutants in the atmosphere, Methods of monitoring and control of air pollution SO2, NOx, CO, SPM, effects of pollutant on human beings, plants animals, material and on climate, Acid rain, Air Quality standards
Water: types, Sources and consequences of water pollution, Physio-chemical and Bacteriological sampling and analysis of water quality, Standards, Sewage waste water treatment and recycling .Water quality standards
Soil: Physio-chemical and Bacteriological sampling as analysis of soil quality, Soil pollution control, Industrial waste effluents, and heavy metals Their interaction with soil components, Soil microorganism and their functions, Degradation of different insecticides, fungicides and weedcides in soil, Different kind of Synthetic fertilizer (NP& K) and their interaction with different component of soil
Noise: Sources of noise pollution Measurements of noise and indices, effect of metrological parameters on noise propagation, Noise exposure levels and Standards. Noise control and battement measures. Impact of noise on human health
Marine: Sources of Marine pollution and control, Criteria employed for disposal of pollutants in marine sytem-cosat; management Radioactive and thermal Pollution

• Unit- VII
Introduction to environmental impact analysis
environmental impact assessment and environmental Management Plan
EIA guidelines 1994. Noticification of Government of India
Impact Assessment Methodologies
generalized approach to impact analysis
Procedure for reviewing environmental impact analysis and statement
Guidelines for Environmental Audit
Introduction to environmental Planning
Base line information and prediction( land, water, atmosphere, energy etc)
restoration and rehabitation technologies
Land use policy for India
Urban planning for India
Rural planning and Land use pattern
Concept and strategies of sustainable development
Cost-Benefit analysis
Environmental priorities in India and Sustainable development

• Unit- VIII
Sources and generation of solid waste, their characteristics, chemical composition and classification, Different method of disposal and management of solid waste ( Hospital Waste and Hazardous waste) recycling of waste material. Waste minimization technologies Hazardous Waste Management and Handling Rule, 1989, resource Management, Disasters Management and Risk analysis
Environment protection-issues and problems, International and national efforts for environment Protection. Provision of constitution of India regarding Environment (Article 48A and 58A)
Environmental Policy resolution, Legislation , Public Policy Strategies in pollution control, Wildlife Protection Act amended 1991, Forest
conservation act, 1980 , Indian Forest Act (Revised) 1982, Air( Prevention and control of Pollution) Act, 1981 as amended by Amendment Act 1987 and rule 1982, Motor vehicle Act, 19888, the water ( Prevention and control Pollution) Act, 1974 as amended up to 1988 and rules 1975, The
environmental ( Protection ) Act, 1986 and Rules 1986
Scheme of labeling of environment friendly product (Eco mark), Public liability Insurance Act, 1991 and Rules 1991

• Unit- IX
Basic elements and tool of Statistical analysis, Probability, assembling, measurement and distribution of attributes, Distribution-Normal t and x, Poisson and Binomial Arithmetic, geometric and Harmonic means, Matrices, Simultaneous linear equation tests of hypothesis and significance
Introduction to environmental system analysis, Approaches to development of model, Liner simple and multiple regression model, validation and forecasting, Model of population growth and interaction, Lotka-Voterra model, Leslie's matrix model, point source stream pollution model, box model Gaussian plume model

• Unit- X
Environmental education and Awareness
Environmental ethics Global imperatives
Global environmental problems-Ozone depletion, global warming and climatic change
current environmental issues in India
Context: Narmada Dam, Tehri Dam, Almethi Dam, Soil errosion, Formation and reclamation of Usra, Alkaline and Saline Soil
Waste lands and their reclamation
Desertification and it's control
Vehicular pollution and urban air quality
Depletion of Natural Resources
Biodiversity conservation and Agenda-21
Waste disposal, recycling and power generation, Fly ash utilization
water Crises-conservation of water
Environmental Hazards
Eutrophication and restoration of Indian lakes
Rain water harvesting
Wet lands conservation
Epidemiological issues (i.e Goitre, Fluorosis, Arsenic)

Sociology

• Note:
  There will be two question papers,  Paper II and Paper III (Parts-A & B).  Sociology Paper II will cover 50 Objective Type Questions (Multiple choice, Matching type. True and False, Assert-Reasoning type) carrying 100 marks.
    Sociology Paper III will have two Parts-A and B; Paper III-A will have 10 Short Essay Type questions (300 words) carrying 16 marks each. In it there will be one question with internal choice from each unit (i.e.. 10 questions from 10 units; Total marks will be 160).
    Sociology Paper III-B will be compulsory and there will be one question from each of the Electives. The candidate will attempt only one question (one elective only in 800 words) carrying 40 marks. Total marks of Paper III will be 200.

  Sociology  Paper II

Sociological Concepts

Nature of Sociology

• Definition
• Sociological Perspective

Basic Concepts

• Community Institution Association Culture.
• Norms and Values.

Social Structure

• Status and role, their interrelationship.
• Multiple roles, Role set. Status set, Status sequence.
• Role conflict.

Social Group Meaning

• Types: Primary-Secondary, Formal-Informal, Ingroup-Outgroup, Reference group. Social Institutions Marriage
• Family
• Education
• Economy
• Polity
• Religion

Socialization

• Socialization, Resocialization, Anticipatory socialization, Adult socialization Agencies of socialization Theories of socialization.

Social Stratification

• Social differentiation, Hierarchy and Inequality Forms of stratification: Caste, Class, Gender, Ethnic Theories of social stratification Social mobility.

Social Change

• Concepts and Types: Evolution, Diffusion, Progress, Revolution, Transformation, Change in structure and Change of structure
• Theories: Dialectical and Cyclical

Sociological Theory

Structural

• Nadel
• Radclifife Brown
• Levi-Strauss

Functional

• Malinowski
• Durkheim
• Parsons
• Merton

Interactionist

• Social action: Max Weber, Pareto
• Symbolic Interactionism: G H Mead, Blumer

Methodology

Conflict

• Karl Marx
• Dahrendorf Coser
• Collins

Methodology

Meaning and Nature of Social Research

• Nature of social phenomena
• The scientific method
• The problems in the study of social phenomena: Objectivity and subjectivity, fact and value. Quantitative Methods
• Survey
• Research Design and its types
• Hypothesis
• Sampling
• Techniques of data collection: Observation, Questionnaire, Schedule, Interview.

Qualitative Methods

• Participant observation
• Case study
• Content analysis
• Oral history
• Life history

Statistics in Social Research

• Measures of Central Tendency: Mean, Median, Mode
• Measures of dispersion
• Correlational analysis
• Test of significance
• Reliability and Validity

Sociologynt Paper III (A) [Core Group]

Phenomenology and Ethnomethodology

• Alfred Shultz, Peter Berger and Luckmann
• Garfinkel and Goffman

Heo-functionalism and Neo-Mawdsm

• J Alexander Habermass, Althusser

Structurisation and Post-Modernism

• Giddens Derrida Foucault

Conceptualising Indian Society

• Peoples of India: Groups and Communities
• Unity in diversity
• Cultural diversity: Regional, linguistic, religious and tribal

Theoretical Perspectives

• Indological/Textual Perspective: G. S. Ghurye, Louis Dumont
• Structural-Functional Perspective: M. M. N. Srinivas, S. C. Dube
• Marxian Perspective: D P Mukherjee, A R Desai
• Civilisational Perspective: N. K. Bose, Surajit Sinha
• Subaltern Perspective: B R Ambedkar, David Hardiman

Contemporary Issues: Socio-cultural

• Poverty
• Inequality of caste and gender
• Regional, ethnic and religious disharmonies
• Family disharmony:
• Domestic violence
• Dowry
• Divorce
• Intergenerational conflict

Contemporary Issues: Developmental

• Population Regional disparity Slums
• Displacement
• Ecological degradation and environmental pollution
• Health problems

Issues Pertaining to Deviance

• Deviance and its forms
• Crime and delinquency
• White collar crime and corruption
• Changing profile of crime and criminals
• Drug addiction
• Suicide

Current Debates

• Tradition and Modernity in India
• Problems of Nation Building: Secularism, Pluralism and Nation building

The Challenges of Globalisation

• Indianisation of Sociology
• Privatisation of Education
• Science and Technology Policy of India

Sociologynt Paper III (B) [Elective or Optional]

Elective-I

• Rural Sociology
• Approaches to the study of Rural Society: Rural-Urban differences Rurbanism Peasant studies
• Agrarian Institutions:
• Land ownership and its types
• Agrarian relations and Mode of production debate
• Jajmani system and Jajmani relations
• Agrarian class structure
• Panchayati Raj System:
• Panchayat before and after 73rd Amendment
• Rural Leadership and Factionalism
• Empowerment of people
• Social Issues and Strategies for Rural Development:
• Bonded and Migrant labourers
• Pauperization and Depeasantisation
• Agrarian unrest and Peasant movements
• Rural Development and Change:
• Trends of changes in rural society
• Processes of change: Migration-Rural to Urban and Rural to Rural Mobility: Social/Economic
• Factors of change

Elective-II

• Industry and Society
• Industrial Society in the Classical Sociological Tradition:
• Division of labour
• Bureaucracy
• Rationality
• Production relations
• Surplus value
• Alienation
• Industry and Society:
• Factory as a social system
• Formal and informal organization
• Impact of social structure on industry
• Impact of industry on society
• Industrial Relations:
• Changing profile of labour.
• Changing labour-management relations.
• Conciliation, adjudication, arbitration
• Collective bargaining
• Trade unions
• Workers'participation in management (Joint Management Councils)
• Quality circles
• Industrialisation and Social Change in India:
• Impact of industrialization on family, education and stratification
• Class and class conflict in industrial society
• Obstacles to and limitations of industrialization
• Industrial Planning:
• Industrial Policy
• Labour legislation
• Human relations in industry

Elective-III

• Sociology of Development
• Conceptual Perspectives on Development:
• Economic growth
• Human development
• Social development
• Sustainable development: Ecological and Social
• Theories of Underdevelopment:
• Liberal: Max Weber, Gunnar Myrdal
• Dependency: Centre-periphery (Frank), Uneven development (Samir Amin), World-system (Wallerstein)
• Paths of Development:
• Modernisation, Globalisation
• Socialist
• Mixed
• Gandhian
• Social Structure and Development:
• Social structure as a facilitator/inhibitor
• Development and socio-economic disparities
• Gender and development
• Culture and Development:
• Culture as an aid/impediment
• Development and displacement of tradition
• Development and upsurge of ethnic movements

Elective-IV

• Population and Society
• Theories of Population Growth
• Malthusian
• Demographic transition
• Population Growth and Distribution in India:
• Growth of Indian population since 1901
• Determinants of population
• Concepts of Fertility, Mortality, Morbidity and Migration:
• Age and Sex composition and its consequences
• Determinants of fertility
• Determinants of mortality, infant, child and maternal mortality Morbidity rates
• Determinants and consequences of migration
• Population and Development:
• Population as a constraint on and a resource for development
• Socio-cultural factors affecting population growth
• Population Control:
• Population policy: Problems and perspectives
• Population education
• Measures taken for population control

Elective-V

• Gender and Society Gender as a Social Construct:
• Models of Gendered socialisation.
• Cultural symbolism and general roles
• Social Structure and Gender Inequality:
• Patriarchy and Matriarchy.
• Division of Labour-Production and reproduction.
• Theories of Gender Relations:
• Liberalist
• Radical
• Socialist
• Post-modernist
• Gender and Development:
• Effect of development policies on gender relations
• Perspectives on gender and development-Welfarist, developmentalist Empowerment
• Women and Development in India:
• Indicators of women's status: Demographic, social, economic and cultural
• Special schemes and strategies for women's development
• Voluntary sector and women's development
• Globalisation and women's development Eco-feminism

Psychology

PAPER-II

Perceptual Processes

• Approaches to the Study of Perception : Gestalt and physiological approaches
• Perceptual Organization : Gestalt, Figure and Ground, Laws of Organization
• Perceptual Constancy : Size, Shape and Brightness, Illusion; Perception of Depth and Movements.
• Role of motivation and learning in perception

Learning Process

• Classical conditioning: Procedure, Phenomena and related issues
• Instrumental learning: Phenomena, Paradigms and theoretical issues
• Reinforcement: Basic variables and schedules
• Verbal learning : Methods and materials, organizational processes

Memory and forgetting

• Memory processes: Encoding, Storage, Retrieval
• Stages of memory: Sensory memory, Short-term Memory (STM) and Long-term Memory (LTM)
• Episodic and Semantic memory
• Theories of Forgetting : Interference, decay, retrieval

Thinking and Problem Solving

• Theories of thought processes: Associations, Gestalt, Information processing
• Concept formation : Rules and strategies
• Reasoning : Deductive and inductive
• Problem-solving : Type and strategies
• Role of concepts in thinking

Motivation and Emotion

• Basic motivational concepts : Instincts, needs, drives, incentives, motivational cycle
• Approaches to the study of motivation : Psychoanalytical, ethological, S-R Cognitive, humanistic
• Biological Motives : Hunger, thirst, sleep and sex
• Social Motives : Achievement, affiliation, approval Exploratory behaviour and curiosity Physiological correlates of emotions
• Theories of emotions : James-Lange, Canon-Bard, Schachter and Singer
• Conflicts : Sources and types

Human Abilities

• Intelligence: Biological, Social, Eco-cultural determinants
• Theories of intelligence : Spearman, Thurston, Guilford
• Individual and group differences : Extent and causes
• Measurement of human abilities

Personality

• Determinants of personality: Biological and socio-cultural
• Approaches to the study of personality: Psychoanalytic, neo-Freudian, social learning, trait and type, cognitive
• Personality assessment : Psychometric and projective tests Self-concept: Origin and development

Research Methodology

• Research problems, hypothesis, variables and their Operationalization
• Types of psychological research
• Methods of psychological research: Experimental, Quasi-experimental, case studies, field studies and cross-cultural studies-
• Methods of data collection: Observation, interview, questionnaire, tests and scales. Non- parametric tests

Measurement and testing

• Test construction: Item writing, item analysis
• test standardization: Reliability, validity and norms
• Types of tests: Intelligence, aptitude, personality– characteristics and important examples
• Attitude scales and interest inventories
• Educational measurement and evaluation

Biological Basis of Behavior

• Receptors, effectors and adjuster mechanisms
• Neural impulse : Origin, conduction and measurement
• Sensory system : Vision and Audition
• Human nervous system : Structure and functions

PAPER-III (A)[Core group]

PAPER III A Core Unit- I

• Signal detection theory, subliminal perception and related factors, information processing approach to perception, culture and perception, perceptual styles. Ecological perspective on perception.

Unit- II

• Learning theories : Hull, Tolman, Skinner
• Cognitive approaches in learning: Latent learning, observational learning
• Experimental analysis of behaviour : Behaviour modification, shaping Discrimination learning
• Neurophysiology of learning

Unit- III

• Models of memory : Atkinson and Shiffrin, Craik and Lockhart, Tulving
• Semantic memory : Episodic, trace model and network model
• Long-term memory: Retrieval cues, flashbulb memory, constructive processes in memory, eyewitness testimony, autobiographical memory
• Biological basis of memory : The search for the engram, PET scan, and biochemical factors in memory
• Improving memory : Strategies

Unit- IV

• Cognitive strategies : Algorhythms and heuristics
• Convergent and divergent thinking
• Decision-making; impediments to problem – solving
• Creative thinking and problem-solving
• Language and thought

Unit- V

• Historical antecedents of motivation from Mechanism to Cognition
• Cognitive bases of motivation : Intrinsic motivation, Attribution, Competence
• Measurement of motives : Issues and techniques
• Cross-cultural perspectives of motivation : Achievement, Aggression
• Components of emotion: Physiological, expressive and cognitive
• Neural mechanism of emotion : Central and peripheral
• Measurent of emotions : Physiological, expressive and cognitive measures
• Current theories of emotions and facial feedback hypothesis
• Stress and coping : Reactions to stress, outcomes of stress

Unit- VI

• Theories of intelligence : Cattell, Jensen, Sternberg Goleman
• Creativity : Views of Torrance, Getzels, Guilford
• Intelligence and creativity : Relationship
• Abilities and achievement : Concept and role of emotional intelligence

Unit- VII

• Clinical and growth approaches to personality
• Existential and humanistic theories of personality : Frankl, Rollo May, Maslow, Rogers
• Personality assessment : Projective, psychometric and behavioural measures
• Psychology of self : Western and Eastern perspectives, measurement of self

Unit- VIII

• Research designs : Correlational, factorial, randomized block, matched group, quasi-experimental, time series design
• ANOVA : Randomized and repeated
• Correlation analysis : Partial, multiple and regression analysis
• Factor analysis : Assumptions, methods, rotation and interpretation

Unit- IX

• Psychological scaling : Purpose and methods
• Sources of bias in psychological testing
• Ethical issues in psychological testing
• Application of factor analysis in standardization of tests-with Important illustrations

Unit- X

• Methods of Physiological psychology : Lesion and Brain Stimulation
• Sleep and waking : Stages of sleep, Disorders of sleep and Physiological mechanisms of sleep and waking
• Ingestive Behaviour : Drinking and its neural mechanism; hunger and its neural mechanism
• Endocrine system : Chemical and glandular

PAPER-III (B) [ELECTIVE / OPTIONAL]

PAPER IIIB Optional Elective- I

• Current trends in Social Psychology
• Social cognition
• Social influence
• Prosocialbehaviour
• Applied social psychology : Health, Environment and Law

Elective- II

• Development processes : Nature, Principles and related
• concepts – maturity, experience factors in development: Biogenic, Psychogenic and Sociogenic
• Stages of Development : Theories of Development: Psychoanalytic, Behaviouristic and cognitive
• Various aspects of development : Sensory-motor, cognitive, language, emotional, social and moral

Elective- III

• Human development and individual differences
• Motivation and learning
• Factors in educational achievement
• Social psychology of education
• Teacher effectiveness
• Guidance in schools : Needs, organizational set up and techniques
• Counseling : Process and areas

Elective- IV

• Development of industrial and organizational psychology
• Selection processes in organization
• Organizational training
• Performance appraisal
• Motivation and work
• Leadership
• Work environment
• Organizational behaviour : Theories, socialization, effectiveness

Elective- V

• Psychopathology : Concepts, classification and causes : clinical diagnostics
• Common clinical disorders
• Mental retardation
• Mental Health : Intervention models and psychotherapies

 Political Science

There will be two question papers, Paper II and Paper III Part-A & B. UGC NET Paper II will cover 50 Objective Type Questions (Multiple choice, Matching type, True and False, Assert-Reasoning type) carrying 100 marks.
  Paper III will have two Parts-A and B; Paper-III A will have 10 Short Essay Type Questions (300 words) carrying 16 marks each. In it there will be one question with internal choice from each unit (i.e.. 10 questions from 10 units; Total marks will be 160).
  Paper III B will be compulsory and there will be three questions from any unit I to X. The candidate will attempt only one question only in 800 words; carrying 40 marks. Total marks of Paper III will be 200.


Paper II

Political Theory and Thought

• Ancient Indian Political Thought: Kautilya and Shanti Parva.
• Greek Political Thought: Plato and Aristotle.
• European Thought-I: Machiavelli, Hobbes, Locke, Rousseau.
• European Thought-II: Bentham, J. S. Mill, Hegel, Marx and Green.
• Contemporary Political Thought-I: Lenin, Mao, Gramsci. Contemporary Political Thought-II: Rawls, Nozic and Communitarians.
• Modern Indian Thought: Gandhi, M. N. Roy, Aurobindo Ghosh, Joy Prakash Ambedkar, Savarkar.
• Concepts and Issue-I: Medieval Political Thought: Church State Relationship and Theory of Two Swords.
• Concepts and Issue-II: Behaviouralism and Post-Behaviouralism, Decline and Resurgence of Political Theory. Democracy, Liberty and Equality.

Comparative Politics and Political Analysis

• • Evolution of Comparative Politics as a discipline; nature and scope.
• Approaches to the study of comparative politics: Traditional, Structural-Functional, Systems and Marxist.
• Constitutionalism: Concepts, Problems and Limitations.
• Forms of Government: Unitary-Federal, Parliamentary-Presidential.
• Organs of Government: Executive, Legislature, Judiciary-their interrelationship in comparative perspective.
• Party Systems and Pressure Groups; Electoral Systems.
• Bureaucracy-types and roles.
• Political Development and Political Modernization.
• Political Culture, Political Socialization and Political Communication.
• Political Elite; Elitist theory of Democracy.
• Power, Authority and Legitimacy.
• Revolution: Theories and Types.
• Dependency: Development and Under Development.

Indian Government and Politics

• National Movement, Constitutional Developments and the Making of Indian Constitution.
• Ideological Bases of the Indian Constitution, Preamble, Fundamental Rights and Duties and Directive Principles.
• Constitution as Instrument of Socio-Economic Change, Constitutional Amendments and Review.
• Structure and Process-I: President, Prime Minister, Council of Ministers, Working of the Parliamentary System.
• Structure and Process-II: Governor, Chief Minister, Council of Ministers, State Legislature.
• Panchayati Raj Institutions: Rural and Urban, their working.
• Federalism: Theory and Practice in India; Demands of Autonomy and Separatist Movements; Emerging trends in Centre-State Relations.
• Judiciary: Supreme Court, High Courts, Judicial Review, Judicial Activism including Public Interest Litigation cases, Judicial Reforms.
• Political Parties, Pressure Groups, Public Opinion, Media; Subaltern and Peasant Movements.
• Elections, Electoral Behaviour, Election Commission and Electoral Reforms.

UGC NET Public Administration

• Development of Public Administration as a discipline; Approaches to the study of Public Administration: Decision-making, Ecological and Systems; Development Administration.
• Theories of Organization
• Principles of Organization: Line and staff, unity of command, hierarchy, span of control, centralization and decentralization, Types of organization-formal and informal; Forms of organization; department, public corporation and board.
• Chief Executive: Types, functions and roles.
• Personnel Administration: Recruitment, Training, Promotion, Discipline, Morale; Employee-Employer Relations.
• Bureaucracy: Theories, Types and Roles; Max Weber and his critics. Civil servant-Minister relationship.
• Leadership, its role in decision-making; Communication.
• Financial Administration: Budget, Audit, Control over Finance with special reference to India and UK.
• Good Governance; Problems of Administrative Corruption; Transparency and Accountability; Right to Information.
• Grievance Redressal Institutions: Ombudsman, Lokpal and Lokayukta.

International Relations

• Contending Theories and Approaches to the study of International Relations; Idealist, Realist, Systems, Game, Communication and Decision-making.
• Power, Interest and Ideology in International Relations; Elements of Power: Acquisition, use and limitations of power, Perception, Formulation and Promotion of National Interest, Meaning, Role and Relevance of Ideology in International Relations.
• Arms and Wars: Nature, causes and types of wars/conflicts including ethnic disputes; conventional, Nuclear/bio-chemical wars; deterrence, Arms Race, Arms Control and Disarmament.
• Peaceful Settlement of Disputes, Conflict Resolution, Diplomacy, World-order and Peace studies.
• Cold War, Alliances, Non-Alignment, End of Cold war, Globalisation.
• Rights and Duties of states in international law, intervention, Treaty law, prevention and abolition of war.
• Political Economy of International Relations; New International Economic Order, North-South Dialogue, South-South Cooperation, WTO, Neo-colonialism and Dependency.
• Regional and sub-regional organisations especially SAARC, ASEAN, OPEC, OAS.
• United Nations: Aims, Objectives, Structure and Evaluation of the working of UN; Peace and Development perspectives; Charter Revision; Power-struggle and Diplomacy within UN, Financing and Peace-keeping operations.
• India's Role in International affairs: India's relations with its neighbours, Wars, Security Concerns and Pacts, Mediatory Role, distinguishing features of Indian Foreign Policy and Diplomacy.

(Part A & B) Core and Elective or Optional

Unit-I

• Political Theory
• Nature of Political Theory, its main concerns; decline and resurgence since 1970S.
• Liberalism and Marxism
• Individual and Social Justice
• Role of Ideology
• Theories of change: Lenin, Mao, Gandhi

Unit-II

• Political Thought.
• Plato and Aristotle.
• Machiavelli
• Hobbes, Locke, Rousseau and JS Mill.
• Karl Marx Gandhi, MN Roy, Aurobindo Ghosh.

Unit-III

• Comparative Politics and Political Analysis.
• Approaches to the study of comparative Politics Constitutionalism in theory and practice.
• Executive, Legislature and Judiciary with special reference to India, USA, UK and Switzerland.
• Party system and role of opposition.
• Electoral Process Separation of Powers, Rule of Law and Judicial Review.

Unit-IV

• Political Development.
• Political Modernization.
• Political Socialization and Political Culture.
• Power and Authority.
• Political Elite.

Unit-V

• Making of the Indian Constitution.
• Fundamental Rights and Duties, and Directive Principles.
• Union Executive, Parliament.
• Supreme Court, Judicial Activism.
• Indian Federalism: Theory, Practice and Problems.

Unit-VI

• Dynamics of State Politics.
• Local Governments: Rural and Urban.
• Political Parties, Pressure Groups, and Public Opinion.
• Elections, Electoral Reforms.
• Class, Caste, Gender, Dalit and Regional Issues, Problems of Nation-Building and Integration.

Unit-VII

• Growth of Public Administration as a discipline; and New Public Administration.
• Theories of Organisation (Classical, Scientific, Human Relations).
• Principles of Organisation. Chief Executive.
• Control over Administration Judicial and Legislative Bureaucracy.

Unit-VIII

• Development Planning and Administration in India.
• Bureaucracy and Challenges of Development.
• Administrative Culture; Administrative Corruption, and Administrative Reforms.
• Panchayati Raj.
• Impact of Liberalization on Public Administration

Unit-IX

• Theories of International Relations.
• Ideology, Power and Interest.
• Conflicts and Conflict-Resolution.

Unit-X

• End of Cold War, Globalisation and Political Economy of International Relations in the Contemporary World.
• Determinants and Compulsions of India's Foreign Policy; India's Nuclear Policy.
• India's Relations with Neighbors and USA.
• India's Role in the UN.
• India and Regional Organizations (SAARC, ASEAN), Indian Ocean.

  Economics

PAPER-II

Micro-economic Analysis

• Demand analysis – Marshallian, Hicksian and Revealed preference approaches
• Theory of Production and Costs
• Pricing and output under different forms of market structure
• Factor Pricing analysis
• Elements of general equilibrium and new welfare economics

Macro-economic Analysis

• Determination of output and employment – Classical approach, Keynesian approach, Consumption hypotheses
• Demand for Money – Fisher and Cambridge versions, Approaches of Keynesian, Friedman, Patinkin, Baumol and Tobin
• Supply of Money, Determinants of money supply, High-powered money, Money multiplier
• Phillips Curve analysis
• Business cycles – Models of Samuelson, Hicks and Kaldor
• Macro-economic Equilibrium – Relative roles of monetary and fiscal policies

Development and Planning

• Economic Growth, Economic Development and sustainable Development – Importance of institutions – Government and markets – Perpetuation of underdevelopment – Vicious circle of poverty, circular causation, structural view of underdevelopment – Measurement of development conventional, HDI and quality of life indices
• Theories of Development – Classical, Marx and Schumpeter; Economic Growth – Harrod-Domar model, instability of equilibrium, Neoclassical growth – Solow's model, steady state growth. Approaches to development : Balanced growth, critical minimum effort, big push, unlimited supply of labour, unbalanced growth, low income equilibrium trap
• Indicators and measurement of poverty
• Importance of agriculture and industry in economic development – choice of techniques and appropriate technology – Investment criteria – Elementary idea of cost-benefit analysis
• Trade and Aid – International trade as 'engine of growth' – Globalization and LDC's Objectives and role of monetary and fiscal policies in economic development Techniques of planning; Plan Models in India; planning in a market-oriented economy

Public Finance

• Role of the Government in Economic activity – Allocation, distribution and stabilization functions; Private, Public and Merit goods
• The Public Budgets – Kinds of Budgets, Zero-base budgeting, different concepts of budget deficits; Budgets of the Union Government in India Public Expenditure – Hypotheses; effects and evaluation
• Public Revenue – Different approaches to the division of tax burden, incidence and effects of taxation; elasticity and buoyancy ; taxable capacity Public Debt – Sources, effects, burden and its management
• Fiscal Federalism -Theory and problems ; Problems of Centre-State Financial relations in India
• Fiscal Policy – Neutral and compensatory and functional finance; balanced budget multiplier

International Economics

• Theories of International Trade : Empirical verification and Relevance International Trade under Imperfect competition Terms of Trade and Economic Growth – Secular Deterioration of Terms of Trade Hypothesis – a critical review
• Equilibrium / disequilibrium in Balance of Payment – Traditional, Absorption and Monetary approaches for adjustment in the Balance of Payments, Foreign Trade multiplier
• Impact of Tariffs, Partial and general equilibrium analysis; Political economy of Non-Tariff Barriers
• Theory of regionalism at Global level – Collapse of Bretton-Wood System – Recent
• Monetary reforms
• Trade Policy and Reforms in India

Indian Economy

• Basic Economic indicators – National income, performance of different sectors Trends in prices and money supply Agriculture – Institutional and technological aspects, new agricultural policy Industry – New industrial policy and liberalization
• Money and banking – Concepts of money supply, inflation, monetary policy and financial sector reforms
• Public finance – Trends in revenue and expenditures of the Central and State Governments, Public debt; analysis of the Union Budget Foreign trade – Trends, Balance of payments and trade reforms Poverty, unemployment, migration and environment

Statistical Methods

• Measures of Central tendency, dispersion, skewness and kurtosis
• Elementary theory of probability – Binomial, Poisson and Normal distributions
• Simple correlation and regression analysis
• Statistical inferences – Applications, sampling distributions (t, x2 and F tests)
• sampling of attributes, testing of Hypothesis
• Index numbers and time series analysis
• Sampling and census methods, types of sampling and errors

PAPER III (A) [Core group]

Unit-I

• Theory of Demand-Axiomatic approach, Demand functions, Consumerbehaviour
• under conditions of uncertainty
• Theory of production
• Collusive and non-collusive oligopolies
• Different models of objectives of the firm – Baumol, Morris and Williamson
• Factor pricing
• General equilibrium and Welfare Economics

Unit-II

• Keynesian and post-Keynesian approaches to theory of output and employment; concept of investment multiplier; consumption
• hypotheses Theories of investment and accelerator
• Theories of demand for money – Keynesian and post-Keynesian
• Different approaches to money supply; money supply; components and determinants
• money multiplier
• Output – price determination (aggregate supply and aggregate demand curve analysis) Flerning-Mundell open economy model

Unit-III

• Development and Growth – Role of institutions
• Theories of growth and development – Models of growth of Joan Robinson and Kaldor; Technical Progress – Hicks, Harrod and learning by doing, production function approach to the determinants of growth : Endogenous growth : role of education, research and knowledge – explanation of cross country differentials in economic development and growth
• Theories of development – Classical, Marx, Schumpeter and structural analysis of development – Imperfect market paradigm, Lewis model of development, Ranis-Fei model, Dependency theory of development
• Factors in economy development – natural resources, population, capital, Human Resource Improvement and infrastructure
• Trade and development – trade as engine of growth, Prebisch, two-gap analysis, Singer and Myrdal views; gains from trade and LDCs

Unit-IV

• Theories of taxation, types, incidence and effects
• Theories of public expenditure – effects on savings, investment and growth Burden of public debt
• Union Finance – Trends in Revenue and Expenditure of the Government of India
• State finance – Trends in Revenue and Expenditure of the State Governments
• Public Debt – India's Public debt since 1951 – growth composition, ownership pattern and debt management
• Union-State Financial Relations – Horizontal and vertical imbalances; the Finance Commissions
• Fiscal Policy and Fiscal Reforms in India

Unit-V

• Monetary approach' and adjustment in the balance of payments
• Regional blocs – multilateralism and world trading system
• The Political Economy of imposition of non-tariff barriers
• International trade under conditions of imperfect competition in goods market
• Theory of International reserves
• Optimum Currency Areas – Theory and impact in the developed and developing countries
• WTO and its impact on the different sectors of the economy

Unit-VI

• Components of money supply
• Role, constituents and functions of money and capital markets
• RBI – recent monetary and credit policies
• Commercial banks and co-operative banks
• Specialized financial and investment institutions
• Non-Bank financial institutions and Regional Rural Banks

Unit-VII

• Industrial structure and economic growth
• Pattern of industrialization – Public and Private; large and small industries
• Theories of Industrial location – Indian experience
• Industrial productivity – measurement, partial and total trends Industrial Finance in India
• Industrial Labour – Problems, policies and reforms in India Economic Reforms and industrial growth

Unit-VIII

• Human population and Economic growth – interrelation between population, development and environment , Optimum theory of population, sustainable development Malthusian theory of population, theory of demographic conversion, population as 'Limits to Growth' and as 'Ultimate Source
• Concepts of Demography – Vital rates, Life tables, composition and uses, Measurement of fertility – Total fertility rate, gross and net reproduction rate – Age pyramids, population projection – stable, stationary and quasi-stationary population; characteristics of Indian population through recent census
• Poverty in India – Absolute and relative; analysis of poverty in India
• Environment as necessity – amenity and public goods; causes of environmental and ecosystem degeneration – policies for controlling pollution – economic and persuasive; their relative effectiveness in LDCs; Relation between population, poverty and environmental degradation – microplanning for environment and eco-preservation – water sheds , joint forest administration and self help groups Role of State in the environmental preservation – Review of environmental legislation in India

Unit-IX

• Role of Agriculture in Indian Economy – Share of Agriculture, interrelationship between agriculture and industry
• Institutional aspects – Land reforms, Green revolution
• Technological aspects – Agricultural inputs and shifts in production function
• Capital formation in the rural sector – Savings, assets and credits
• Strategies for rural development
• Regional disparities in Indian agriculture
• Cooperative movement in India – Organization, structure and development of different types of cooperatives in India

Unit-X

• Application of Differential and Integral Calculus in theories of consumer behaviour, Production and pricing under different market conditions
• Input-output analysis and linear programming
• Application of Correlation and Regression
• Evaluating of Hypothesis in Regression Analysis

PAPER-III (B) [ELECTIVE / OPTIONAL]

Elective-I

• Single Equation Linear Model
• Assumption and properties of OLS
• Multiple Regression Model – Estimation and Interpretation
• Multi-collinearity – Auto-correlation and heteroscedasticity – Causes, detection, consequences and remedy
• Dummy variables, distributed lags – Need, limitations and interpretation
• Applications in Economics
• Simultaneous Equation models
• Structural and reduced forms
• Endogenous and exogenous variables
• Identification problems and conditions
• Single equation methods of estimations – TSLS, indirect least squares and least variance ratio
• Techniques of Forecasting
• ARMA
• ARIMA
• Econometric properties of time series, Unit root, integrated series, random walk and white noise

Elective-II

• Theory of Consumer Behaviour and Theory of Firms
• Theory of Pricing – Monopoly, Monopolistic competition, Duopoly and Oligopoly
• Theory of Games – Two-person, Zero-sum Game, Pure and Mixed strategy, Saddle point solution, Linear programming and input output analysis
• Static and Dynamic Multiplier and Accelerator, Samuelson-Hicks trade cycle model.
• Growth Models – Harrod and Domar, Neoclassical models – Solow, Meade, Kaldor's Model with technological progress, endogenous growth models
• Employment and output determination with fixed and flexible prices (IS-LM, Aggregate demand and aggregate supply analysis)

Elective-III

• The Rise and Fall of Bretton-Wood and emerging International Monetary System World Trading System – Evolution and Distortions
• Globalization – Developments in Exchange Markets, Euro-Currency Markets, and International Bond Markets, International Debt crisis
• Theory of Foreign Exchange Markets – Exchange Trading, Arbitrage and Market Hedging

Elective-IV

• Growth and Productivity trends in Indian Agriculture Development of distributive institutions – Costs and price policies Agricultural marketing and credit
• Trends in migration and labour markets. Minimum Wages Act WTO and sustainable agricultural development Reforms in Indian agriculture

Elective-V

• Planning and Economic Development
• Costs, Prices, WTO and Indian Agriculture
• Globalization, Liberalization and the Indian Industrial Sector
• Infrastructure and Economic Development
• Social Sector, Poverty and Reforms in India
• Women, Environment and Economic Development
• Trade Reforms and Liberalization
• Financial sector reforms
• Fiscal policy and fiscal reforms