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Monday 29 June 2015

Freshers and Exp testing Questions

1. What types of documents would you need for QA , QC , and Testing?
2. What did you include in a test plan?
3. Describe any bug you remember.
4. What is the purpose of the testing?
5. What do you like (not like) in this job?
6. What is quality assurance?
7. What is the difference between QA and testing?
8. How do you scope, organize, and execute a test project?
9. What is the role of QA in a development project?
10. What is the role of QA in a company that produces software?
11. Define quality for me as you understand it
12. Describe to me the difference between validation and verification.
13. Describe to me what you see as a process. Not a particular process, just the basics of having a process.
14. Describe to me when you would consider employing a failure mode and effect analysis.
15. Describe to me the Software Development Life Cycle as you would define it.
16. What are the properties of a good requirement?
17. How do you differentiate the roles of Quality Assurance Manager and Project Manager?
18. Tell me about any quality efforts you have overseen or implemented. Describe some of the challenges you faced and how you overcame them.
19. How do you deal with environments that are hostile to quality change efforts?
20. In general, how do you see automation fitting into the overall process of testing?
21. How do you promote the concept of phase containment and defect prevention?
22. If you come onboard, give me a general idea of what your first overall tasks will be as far as starting a quality effort.
23. What kinds of testing have you done?
24. Have you ever created a test plan?
25. Have you ever written test cases or did you just execute those written by others?
26. What did your base your test cases?
27. How do you determine what to test?
28. How do you decide when you have 'tested enough?'
29. How do you test if you have minimal or no documentation about the product?
30. Describe me to the basic elements you put in a defect report?
31. How do you perform regression testing?
32. At what stage of the life cycle does testing begin in your opinion?
33. How do you analyze your test results? What metrics do you try to provide?
34. Realising you won't be able to test everything - how do you decide what to test first?
35. Where do you get your expected results?
36. If automating - what is your process for determining what to automate and in what order?
37. In the past, I have been asked to verbally start mapping out a test plan for a common situation, such as an ATM. The interviewer might say, "Just thinking out loud, if you were tasked to test an ATM, what items might you test plan include?" These type questions are not meant to be answered conclusively, but it is a good way for the interviewer to see how you approach the task.
38. If you're given a program that will average student grades, what kinds of inputs would you use?
39. Tell me about the best bug you ever found.
40. What made you pick testing over another career?
41. What is the exact difference between Integration & System testing, give me examples with your project.
42. How did you go about testing a project?
43. When should testing start in a project? Why?
44. How do you go about testing a web application?
45. Difference between Black & White box testing
46. What is Configuration management? Tools used?
47. What do you plan to become after say 2-5yrs (Ex: QA Manager, Why?)
48. Would you like to work in a team or alone, why?
49. Give me 5 strong & weak points of yours
50. Why do you want to join our company?
51. When should testing be stopped?
52. What sort of things would you put down in a bug report?
53. Who in the company is responsible for Quality?
54. Who defines quality?
55. What is an equivalence class?
56. Is a "A fast database retrieval rate" a testable requirement?
57. Should we test every possible combination/scenario for a program?
58. What criteria do you use when determining when to automate a test or leave it manual?
59. When do you start developing your automation tests?
60. Discuss what test metrics you feel are important to publish an organization?
61. In case anybody cares, here are the questions that I will be asking:
62. Describe the role that QA plays in the software lifecycle.
63. What should Development require of QA?
64. What should QA require of Development?
65. How would you define a "bug?"
66. Give me an example of the best and worst experiences you've had with QA.
67. How does unit testing play a role in the development / software lifecycle?
68. Explain some techniques for developing software components with respect to testability.
69. Describe a past experience with implementing a test harness in the development of software.
70. Have you ever worked with QA in developing test tools? Explain the participation Development should have with QA in leveraging such test tools for QA use.
71. Give me some examples of how you have participated in Integration Testing.
72. How would you describe the involvement you have had with the bug-fix cycle between Development and QA?
72. What is unit testing?
73. Describe your personal software development process.
74. How do you know when your code has met specifications?
75. How do you know your code has met specifications when there are no specifications?
76. Describe your experiences with code analyzers.
77. How do you feel about cyclomatic complexity?
78. Who should test your code?
79.How do you survive chaos?
80. What processes/methodologies are you familiar with?
81. What type of documents would you need for QA/QC/Testing?
82. How can you use technology to solve problem?
83. What type of metrics would you use?
84. How to find that tools work well with your existing system?
85. What automated tools are you familiar with?
86. How well you work with a team?
87. How would you ensure 100% coverage of testing?
88. How would you build a test team?
89. What problem you have right now or in the past? How you solved it?
90. What you will do during the first day of job?
91. What would you like to do five years from now?
92. Tell me about the worst boss you've ever had.
93. What are your greatest weaknesses?
94. What are your strengths?
95. What is a successful product?
96. What do you like about Windows?
97. What is good code?
98. Who is Kent Beck, Dr Grace Hopper, Dennis Ritchie?
99. What are basic, core, practises for a QA specialist?
100. What do you like about QA?
101. What has not worked well in your previous QA experience and what would you change?
102. How you will begin to improve the QA process?
103. What is the difference between QA and QC?
104. What is UML and how to use it for testing?
105. What is CMM and CMMI? What is the difference?
106. What do you like about computers?
107. Do you have a favourite QA book? More than one? Which ones? And why.
108. What is the responsibility of programmers vs QA?
109.What are the properties of a good requirement?
110.Ho to do test if we have minimal or no documentation about the product?
111.What are all the basic elements in a defect report?
112.Is an "A fast database retrieval rate" a testable requirement?
Test Automation:
1. What automating testing tools are you familiar with?
2. How did you use automating testing tools in your job?
3. Describe some problem that you had with automating testing tool.
4. How do you plan test automation?
5. Can test automation improve test effectiveness?
6. What is data - driven automation?
7. What are the main attributes of test automation?
8. Does automation replace manual testing?
9. How will you choose a tool for test automation?
10. How you will evaluate the tool for test automation?
11. What are main benefits of test automation?
12. What could go wrong with test automation?
13. How you will describe testing activities?
14. What testing activities you may want to automate?
15. Describe common problems of test automation.
16. What types of scripting techniques for test automation do you know?
17. What are principles of good testing scripts for automation?
18. What tools are available for support of testing during software development life cycle?
19. Can the activities of test case design be automated?
20. What are the limitations of automating software testing?
21. What skills needed to be a good test automator?
22. How to find that tools work well with your existing system?
23.Describe some problem that you had with automating testing tool.
24.What are the main attributes of test automation?
25.What testing activities you may want to automate in a project?
26.How to find that tools work well with your existing system?
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Load Testing:
1.What criteria would you use to select Web transactions for load testing?
2.For what purpose are virtual users created?
3.Why it is recommended to add verification checks to your all your scenarios?
4.In what situation would you want to parameterize a text verification check?
5.Why do you need to parameterize fields in your virtual user script?
6.What are the reasons why parameterization is necessary when load testing the Web server and the database server?
7.How can data caching have a negative effect on load testing results?
8.What usually indicates that your virtual user script has dynamic data that is dependent on you parameterized fields?
9.What are the benefits of creating multiple actions within any virtual user script?
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General questions:
1. What types of documents would you need for QA, QC, and Testing?
2. What did you include in a test plan?
3. Describe any bug you remember.
4. What is the purpose of the testing?
5. What do you like (not like) in this job?
6. What is quality assurance?
7. What is the difference between QA and testing?
8. How do you scope, organize, and execute a test project?
9. What is the role of QA in a development project?
10. What is the role of QA in a company that produces software?
11. Define quality for me as you understand it
12. Describe to me the difference between validation and verification.
13. Describe to me what you see as a process. Not a particular process, just the basics of having a process.
14. Describe to me when you would consider employing a failure mode and effect analysis.
15. Describe to me the Software Development Life Cycle as you would define it.
16. What are the properties of a good requirement?
17. How do you differentiate the roles of Quality Assurance Manager and Project Manager?
18. Tell me about any quality efforts you have overseen or implemented. Describe some of the challenges you faced and how you overcame them.
19. How do you deal with environments that are hostile to quality change efforts?
20. In general, how do you see automation fitting into the overall process of testing?
21. How do you promote the concept of phase containment and defect prevention?
22. If you come onboard, give me a general idea of what your first overall tasks will be as far as starting a quality effort.
23. What kinds of testing have you done?
24. Have you ever created a test plan?
25. Have you ever written test cases or did you just execute those written by others?
26. What did your base your test cases?
27. How do you determine what to test?
28. How do you decide when you have 'tested enough?'
29. How do you test if you have minimal or no documentation about the product?
30. Describe me to the basic elements you put in a defect report?
31. How do you perform regression testing?
32. At what stage of the life cycle does testing begin in your opinion?
33. How do you analyze your test results? What metrics do you try to provide?
34. Realising you won't be able to test everything - how do you decide what to test first?
35. Where do you get your expected results?
36. If automating - what is your process for determining what to automate and in what order?
37. In the past, I have been asked to verbally start mapping out a test plan for a common situation, such as an ATM. The interviewer might say, "Just thinking out loud, if you were tasked to test an ATM, what items might you test plan include?" These type questions are not meant to be answered conclusively, but it is a good way for the interviewer to see how you approach the task.
38. If you're given a program that will average student grades, what kinds of inputs would you use?
39. Tell me about the best bug you ever found.
40. What made you pick testing over another career?
41. What is the exact difference between Integration & System testing, give me examples with your project.
42. How did you go about testing a project?
43. When should testing start in a project? Why?
44. How do you go about testing a web application?
45. Difference between Black & White box testing
46. What is Configuration management? Tools used?
47. What do you plan to become after say 2-5yrs (Ex: QA Manager, Why?)
48. Would you like to work in a team or alone, why?
49. Give me 5 strong & weak points of yours
50. Why do you want to join our company?
51. When should testing be stopped?
52. What sort of things would you put down in a bug report?
53. Who in the company is responsible for Quality?
54. Who defines quality?
55. What is an equivalence class?
56. Is a "A fast database retrieval rate" a testable requirement?
57. Should we test every possible combination/scenario for a program?
58. What criteria do you use when determining when to automate a test or leave it manual?
59. When do you start developing your automation tests?
60. Discuss what test metrics you feel are important to publish an organization?
61. In case anybody cares, here are the questions that I will be asking:
62. Describe the role that QA plays in the software lifecycle.
63. What should Development require of QA?
64. What should QA require of Development?
65. How would you define a "bug?"
66. Give me an example of the best and worst experiences you've had with QA.
67. How does unit testing play a role in the development / software lifecycle?
68. Explain some techniques for developing software components with respect to testability.
69. Describe a past experience with implementing a test harness in the development of software.
70. Have you ever worked with QA in developing test tools? Explain the participation Development should have with QA in leveraging such test tools for QA use.
71. Give me some examples of how you have participated in Integration Testing.
72. How would you describe the involvement you have had with the bug-fix cycle between Development and QA?
72. What is unit testing?
73. Describe your personal software development process.
74. How do you know when your code has met specifications?
75. How do you know your code has met specifications when there are no specifications?
76. Describe your experiences with code analyzers.
77. How do you feel about cyclomatic complexity?
78. Who should test your code?
79.How do you survive chaos?
80. What processes/methodologies are you familiar with?
81. What type of documents would you need for QA/QC/Testing?
82. How can you use technology to solve problem?
83. What type of metrics would you use?
84. How to find that tools work well with your existing system?
85. What automated tools are you familiar with?
86. How well you work with a team?
87. How would you ensure 100% coverage of testing?
88. How would you build a test team?
89. What problem you have right now or in the past? How you solved it?
90. What you will do during the first day of job?
91. What would you like to do five years from now?
92. Tell me about the worst boss you've ever had.
93. What are your greatest weaknesses?
94. What are your strengths?
95. What is a successful product?
96. What do you like about Windows?
97. What is good code?
98. Who is Kent Beck, Dr Grace Hopper, Dennis Ritchie?
99. What are basic, core, practises for a QA specialist?
100. What do you like about QA?
101. What has not worked well in your previous QA experience and what would you change?
102. How you will begin to improve the QA process?
103. What is the difference between QA and QC?
104. What is UML and how to use it for testing?
105. What is CMM and CMMI? What is the difference?
106. What do you like about computers?
107. Do you have a favourite QA book? More than one? Which ones? And why.
108. What is the responsibility of programmers vs QA?
109.What are the properties of a good requirement?
110.Ho to do test if we have minimal or no documentation about the product?
111.What are all the basic elements in a defect report?
112.Is an "A fast database retrieval rate" a testable requirement?
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1. What is software quality assurance?
2. What is the value of a testing group? How do you justify your work and budget?
3. What is the role of the test group vis-à­vis documentation, tech support, and so forth?
4. How much interaction with users should testers have, and why?
5. How should you learn about problems discovered in the field, and what should you learn from those problems?
6. What are the roles of glass-box and black-box testing tools?
7. What issues come up in test automation, and how do you manage them?
8. What development model should programmers and the test group use?
9. How do you get programmers to build testability support into their code?
10. What is the role of a bug tracking system?
11. What are the key challenges of testing?
12. Have you ever completely tested any part of a product? How?
13. Have you done exploratory or specification-driven testing?
14. Should every business test its software the same way?
15. Discuss the economics of automation and the role of metrics in testing.
16. Describe components of a typical test plan, such as tools for interactive products and for database products, as well as cause-and-effect graphs and data-flow diagrams.
17. When have you had to focus on data integrity?
18. What are some of the typical bugs you encountered in your last assignment?
19. How do you prioritize testing tasks within a project?
20. How do you develop a test plan and schedule? Describe bottom-up and top-down approaches.
21. When should you begin test planning?
22. When should you begin testing?
23. Do you know of metrics that help you estimate the size of the testing effort?
24. How do you scope out the size of the testing effort?
25. How many hours a week should a tester work?
26. How should your staff be managed? How about your overtime?
27. How do you estimate staff requirements?
28. What do you do (with the project tasks) when the schedule fails?
29. How do you handle conflict with programmers?
30. How do you know when the product is tested well enough?
31. What characteristics would you seek in a candidate for test-group manager?
32. What do you think the role of test-group manager should be? Relative to senior management? Relative to other technical groups in the company? Relative to your staff?
33. How do your characteristics compare to the profile of the ideal manager that you just described?
34. How does your preferred work style work with the ideal test-manager role that you just described? What is different between the way you work and the role you described?
35. Who should you hire in a testing group and why?
36. What is the role of metrics in comparing staff performance in human resources management?
37. How do you estimate staff requirements? 38. What do you do (with the project staff) when the schedule fails?
39. Describe some staff conflicts you h've handled.
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C++ freshers questions
  1. What is Operator, Operand, Expression, Statement in 'C'?
  2. What is polymorphism?
  3. What is operator overloading?
  4. What are templates?
  5. Declare a void pointer.
  6. Declare a function pointer which takes a pointer to char as an argument and returns a void pointer.
  7. Type-define a function pointer which takes a int and float as parameter and returns a float *.
  8. What does the following C statement do?
  9. while(*c++ = *d++); assuming c and d are pointers to characters.
  10. How do you call a C module within a C++ module.
  11. What is the difference between run time binding and compile time binding? Discuss.
  12. Compare and contrast C++ and Java.
  13. Why does C/C++ give better run-time performance then Java?
  14. Does C++ come with in-built threading support.
  15. Class A derives B derives C. All have foo(). I cast C to A and call foo(). What happens?
    All classes A, B, C have default constructor, foo() that calls parent foo() and allocates 100 bytes to their own private local variable, and a destructor that frees the 100 bytes. I create a C object and then destroy it. What's the problem? Did all the memory get freed? What if I create C, cast to A, and then destroy it. How would I make sure memory is freed? (destructor must be "virtual" and each destructor must call parent destructor)
    What errors are caught at compile time vs link time?
  16. What is the value of "a" after this?
    int (*a) [10];
  17. What is wrong with this?
    main(){
    int *ptr;
    *ptr=10;
    }
  18. Given int n, i=10, j=20, x=3, y = 100;
    What is the value of n and y at the end of each of the following expressions?
    a) n = (i > j) && (x < ++y);
    b) n = (j - i) && (x < y++);
    c) n = (i < j) || (y+=i);
  19. int x = 5;
    int y = 7;
    What is the value of x and y after the expression y+=x++;
  20. What's the difference between C and C++?
  21. What does Public and Private mean in C++
  22. Is it possible to keep 2 stacks in a single array, if one grows from position one of the array, and the other grows from the last position. Write a procedure PUSH(x,s) that pushes element x onto stack S, where S is one or the other of these two stacks. Include all necessary error checks
  23. Whats wrong with: char Str[128]; Str="Bob"; ?
  24. How do you declare a struct called Date that has integer members M, D, and Y?
  25. Whats the difference between malloc and calloc?
  26. Whats does realloc do?
  27. How can a function have several return values?
  28. Given: void Foo( int i ) { i =i*10; } and int x=10; Foo(x); , What is the value of x?
  29. What does Polymorphism mean?
  30. What is a class, and what is an object (or instance)?
  31. How would you use cout to output a string called Name and an integer named Age ?
  32. What does function overloading mean?
  33. What is name mangeling ?
  34. For two overloaded functions (same name), how does the compiler determine which one to call?
  35. What is a default argument for a function?
  36. Default parameters must be supplied right to left, or left to right?
  37. What syntax rules are there for creating a constructor and destrucor?
  38. What is the job of a constructor?
  39. What is the job of a copy constructor?
  40. When is a copy constructor invoked?
  41. What are the 'big 3' member functions for a class?
  42. What happens if you do not have a copy constructor, and your object is passed by value to a function?
  43. What operator can not be written for your class?
  44. Can you create your own operators, like a '$' operator?
  45. You should be able to write a prototype for all the operators for a class.
  46. Given MGString S, S2; MGDate D; and S2 = S + D; Which operator+ function would be called: MGDate::operator+ or MGString::operator+
  47. Can operator functions be overloaded?
  48. Can operator functions be written outside the class, as non-member functions?
  49. The Standard C++ new operator throws an exception when out of memory: true or false?
  50. Many older compilers still permit new to return NULL or 0 when out of memory: true or false?
  51. You can provide your own new and delete operators for allocations of your class: True or false?
  52. What is a static member variable?
  53. Describe the steps needed to implement a static data member
  54. Sorry, just a mish-mash of topics:
  55. What does const mean at the end of a function?
  56. What is a virtual function?
  57. What is a pure virtual function?
  58. What is special about a class with a pure virtual function?
  59. What does static mean for a member variable? For a member function?
  60. What is the difference between has a and is a ?
  61. In a base and derived class, whose constructor is called first?
  62. Whose destructor is called first?
  63. What is the difference between passing pointers and references?
  64. What is typeid ?
  65. What is type_info ?
  66. What is RTTI?
  67. What are the three keywords for exception handling?
  68. Why would you create an exception class?
  69. Can exceptions be bested?
  70. Why might a function have a try/catch block?
  71. You should be familiar with fstream, istream, ostream, and strstream
  72. What is a template class?
  73. Why would you write a template class?
  74. Can template classes be derived from normal classes, and visa-versa?
  75. Can you name atleast 4 collection classes in the STL ?
  76. Can you name atleast 2 member functions in each?
  77. What is an iterator , and where are they defined?
  78. Name atleast 3 algorithm templated functions. What are the major differences between C and C++?
    •  What are the differences between new and malloc ?
    •  What is the difference between delete and delete[] ?
    •  What are the differences between a struct in C and in C++?
    •  What are the advantages/disadvantages of using #define ?
    •  What are the advantages/disadvantages of using inline and const ?
    What is the difference between a pointer and a reference?
    •  When would you use a pointer? A reference?
    •  What does it mean to take the address of a reference?
    What does it mean to declare a function or variable as static ? What is the order of initalization for data? What is name mangling/name decoration?
    •  What kind of problems does name mangling cause?
    •  How do you work around them?
    What is a class?
    •  What are the differences between a struct and a class in C++?
    •  What is the difference between public, private, and protected access?
    •  For class CFoo { }; what default methods will the compiler generate for you>?
    •  How can you force the compiler to not generate them?
    •  What is the purpose of a constructor? Destructor?
    •  What is a constructor initializer list?
    •  When must you use a constructor initializer list?
    •  What is a:
    •  Constructor?
    •  Destructor?
    •  Default constructor?
    •  Copy constructor?
    •  Conversion constructor?
    •  What does it mean to declare a...
    •  member function as virtual ?
    •  member function as static ?
    •  member function as static ?
    •  member variable as static ?
    •  destructor as static ?
    •  Can you explain the term "resource acquisition is initialization?"
    •  What is a "pure virtual" member function?
    •  What is the difference between public, private, and protected inheritance?
    •  What is virtual inheritance?
    •  What is placement new ?
    •  What is the difference between operator new and the new operator?
    What is exception handling?
    •  Explain what happens when an exception is thrown in C++.
    •  What happens if an exception is not caught?
    •  What happens if an exception is throws from an object's constructor?
    •  What happens if an exception is throws from an object's destructor?
    •  What are the costs and benefits of using exceptions?
    •  When would you choose to return an error code rather than throw an exception?
    What is a template? What is partial specialization or template specialization? How can you force instantiation of a template? What is an iterator? What is an algorithm (in terms of the STL/C++ standard library)? What is std::auto_ptr ? What is wrong with this statement? std::auto_ptr ptr(new char[10]);
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Database freshers questions
    1. What are two methods of retrieving SQL?
    2. What cursor type do you use to retrieve multiple recordsets?
    3. What action do you have to perform before retrieving data from the next result set of a stored procedure?
    4. What is the basic form of a SQL statement to read data out of a table?
    5. What structure can you have the database make to speed up table reads?
    6. What is a "join"?
    7. What is a "constraint"?
    8. What is a "primary key"?
    9. What is a "functional dependency"? How does it relate to database table design?
    10. What is a "trigger"?
    11. What is "index covering" of a query?
    12. What is a SQL view? SQL Server
      1.What are primary keys and foreign keys?
      2.What is the difference between clustered and non-clustered indices? ...and why do you use a clustered index?
      3.What is an outer join?
      4.What are Cartesian joins?
      5.How is referential integrity enforced in a SQL Server database?
      6.What are the inserted and deleted tables and what are they used for?
      7.What is the name of the SQL language used in SQL Server stored procedures?
      8.What is the purpose of having stored procedures in a database?
      9.Why might you create a stored procedure with the 'with recompile' option?
      10.What is a cursor? Within a cursor, how would you update fields on the row just fetched?
      SQL, Oracle, Pro*C/C++
      1.What are the different types of joins?
      2.Explain normalization with examples.
      3.What cursor type do you use to retrieve multiple recordsets?
      4.Difference between a "where" clause and a "having" clause
      5.What is the difference between "procedure" and "function"?
      6.How will you copy the structure of a table without copying the data?
      7.How to find out the database name from SQL*PLUS command prompt?
      8.Talk about "Exception Handling" in PL/SQL?
      9.What is the difference between "NULL in C" and "NULL in Oracle?"
      10.What is Pro*C? What is OCI?
      Oracle Concepts and Architecture Database Structures
      1.What are the components of physical database structure of Oracle database?
      2.What are the components of logical database structure of Oracle database?
      3.What is a tablespace?What is SYSTEM tablespace and when is it created?
      5.Explain the relationship among database, tablespace and data file.
      6.What is schema?
      7.What are Schema Objects?
      8.Can objects of the same schema reside in different tablespaces?
      9.Can a tablespace hold objects from different schemes?
      10.What is Oracle table?
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Java freshers questions
  1. What is a class? A class is a blueprint, or prototype, that defines the variables and the methods common to all objects of a certain kind.
  2. What is a object? An object is a software bundle of variables and related methods.An instance of a class depicting the state and behavior at that particular time in real world.
  3. What is a method? Encapsulation of a functionality which can be called to perform specific tasks.
  4. What is encapsulation? Explain with an example. Encapsulation is the term given to the process of hiding the implementation details of the object. Once an object is encapsulated, its implementation details are not immediately accessible any more. Instead they are packaged and are only indirectly accessible via the interface of the object
  5. What is inheritance? Explain with an example. Inheritance in object oriented programming means that a class of objects can inherit properties and methods from another class of objects.
  6. What is polymorphism? Explain with an example. In object-oriented programming, polymorphism refers to a programming language's ability to process objects differently depending on their data type or class. More specifically, it is the ability to redefine methods for derived classes. For example, given a base class shape, polymorphism enables the programmer to define different area methods for any number of derived classes, such as circles, rectangles and triangles. No matter what shape an object is, applying the area method to it will return the correct results. Polymorphism is considered to be a requirement of any true object-oriented programming language
  7. Is multiple inheritance allowed in Java? No, multiple inheritance is not allowed in Java.
  8. What is interpreter and compiler? Java interpreter converts the high level language code into a intermediate form in Java called as bytecode, and then executes it, where as a compiler converts the high level language code to machine language making it very hardware specific
  9. What is JVM? The Java interpreter along with the runtime environment required to run the Java application in called as Java virtual machine(JVM)
  10. What are the different types of modifiers? There are access modifiers and there are other identifiers. Access modifiers are public, protected and private. Other are final and static.
  11. What are the access modifiers in Java? There are 3 access modifiers. Public, protected and private, and the default one if no identifier is specified is called friendly, but programmer cannot specify the friendly identifier explicitly.
  12. What is a wrapper class? They are classes that wrap a primitive data type so it can be used as a object
  13. What is a static variable and static method? What's the difference between two? The modifier static can be used with a variable and method. When declared as static variable, there is only one variable no matter how instances are created, this variable is initialized when the class is loaded. Static method do not need a class to be instantiated to be called, also a non static method cannot be called from static method.
  14. What is garbage collection? Garbage Collection is a thread that runs to reclaim the memory by destroying the objects that cannot be referenced anymore.
  15. What is abstract class? Abstract class is a class that needs to be extended and its methods implemented, aclass has to be declared abstract if it has one or more abstract methods.
  16. What is meant by final class, methods and variables? This modifier can be applied to class method and variable. When declared as final class the class cannot be extended. When declared as final variable, its value cannot be changed if is primitive value, if it is a reference to the object it will always refer to the same object, internal attributes of the object can be changed.
  17. What is interface? Interface is a contact that can be implemented by a class, it has method that need implementation.
  18. What is method overloading? Overloading is declaring multiple method with the same name, but with different argument list.
  19. What is method overriding? Overriding has same method name, identical arguments used in subclass.
  20. What is singleton class? Singleton class means that any given time only one instance of the class is present, in one JVM.
  21. What is the difference between an array and a vector? Number of elements in an array are fixed at the construction time, whereas the number of elements in vector can grow dynamically.
  22. What is a constructor? In Java, the class designer can guarantee initialization of every object by providing a special method called a constructor. If a class has a constructor, Java automatically calls that constructor when an object is created, before users can even get their hands on it. So initialization is guaranteed.
  23. What is casting? Conversion of one type of data to another when appropriate. Casting makes explicitly converting of data.
  24. What is the difference between final, finally and finalize? The modifier final is used on class variable and methods to specify certain behaviour explained above. And finally is used as one of the loop in the try catch blocks, It is used to hold code that needs to be executed whether or not the exception occurs in the try catch block. Java provides a method called finalize( ) that can be defined in the class. When the garbage collector is ready to release the storage ed for your object, it will first call finalize( ), and only on the next garbage-collection pass will it reclaim the objects memory. So finalize( ), gives you the ability to perform some important cleanup at the time of garbage collection.
  25. What is are packages? A package is a collection of related classes and interfaces providing access protection and namespace management.
  26. What is a super class and how can you call a super class? When a class is extended that is derived from another class there is a relationship is created, the parent class is referred to as the super class by the derived class that is the child. The derived class can make a call to the super class using the keyword super. If used in the constructor of the derived class it has to be the first statement.
  27. What is meant by a Thread? Thread is defined as an instantiated parallel process of a given program.
  28. What is multi-threading? Multi-threading as the name suggest is the scenario where more than one threads are running.
  29. What are two ways of creating a thread? Which is the best way and why? Two ways of creating threads are, one can extend from the Java.lang.Thread and can implement the rum method or the run method of a different class can be called which implements the interface Runnable, and the then implement the run() method. The latter one is mostly used as first due to Java rule of only one class inheritance, with implementing the Runnable interface that problem is sorted out.
  30. What is deadlock? Deadlock is a situation when two threads are waiting on each other to release a resource. Each thread waiting for a resource which is held by the other waiting thread. In Java, this resource is usually the object lock obtained by the synchronized keyword.
  31. What are the three types of priority? MAX_PRIORITY which is 10, MIN_PRIORITY which is 1, NORM_PRIORITY which is 5.
What is the use of synchronizations? Every object has a lock, when a synchronized keyword is used on a piece of code the, lock must be obtained by the thread first to execute that code, other threads will not be allowed to execute that piece of code till this lock is released.
  1. What are synchronized methods and synchronized statements? Synchronized methods are methods that are used to control access to an object. For example, a thread only executes a synchronized method after it has acquired the lock for the method's object or class. Synchronized statements are similar to synchronized methods. A synchronized statement can only be executed after a thread has acquired the lock for the object or class referenced in the synchronized statement.
  2. What are different ways in which a thread can enter the waiting state? A thread can enter the waiting state by invoking its sleep() method, blocking on I/O, unsuccessfully attempting to acquire an object's lock, or invoking an object's wait() method. It can also enter the waiting state by invoking its (deprecated) suspend() method.
  3. Can a lock be acquired on a class? Yes, a lock can be acquired on a class. This lock is acquired on the class's Class object.
  4. What's new with the stop(), suspend() and resume() methods in new JDK 1.2? The stop(), suspend() and resume() methods have been deprecated in JDK 1.2.
  5. What is the preferred size of a component? The preferred size of a component is the minimum component size that will allow the component to display normally.
  6. What method is used to specify a container's layout? The setLayout() method is used to specify a container's layout. For example, setLayout(new FlowLayout()); will be set the layout as FlowLayout.
  7. Which containers use a FlowLayout as their default layout? The Panel and Applet classes use the FlowLayout as their default layout.
  8. What state does a thread enter when it terminates its processing? When a thread terminates its processing, it enters the dead state.
  9. What is the Collections API? The Collections API is a set of classes and interfaces that support operations on collections of objects. One example of class in Collections API is Vector and Set and List are examples of interfaces in Collections API.
  10. What is the List interface? The List interface provides support for ordered collections of objects. It may or may not allow duplicate elements but the elements must be ordered.
  11. How does Java handle integer overflows and underflows? It uses those low order bytes of the result that can fit into the size of the type allowed by the operation.
  12. What is the Vector class? The Vector class provides the capability to implement a growable array of objects. The main visible advantage of this class is programmer needn't to worry about the number of elements in the Vector.
  13. What modifiers may be used with an inner class that is a member of an outer class? A (non-local) inner class may be declared as public, protected, private, static, final, or abstract.
  14. If a method is declared as protected, where may the method be accessed? A protected method may only be accessed by classes or interfaces of the same package or by subclasses of the class in which it is declared.
  15. What is an Iterator interface? The Iterator interface is used to step through the elements of a Collection.
  16. How many bits are used to represent Unicode, ASCII, UTF-16, and UTF-8 characters? Unicode requires 16 bits, ASCII require 7 bits (although the ASCII character set uses only 7 bits, it is usually represented as 8 bits), UTF-8 represents characters using 8, 16, and 18 bit patterns, UTF-16 uses 16-bit and larger bit patterns
  17. What is the difference between yielding and sleeping? Yielding means a thread returning to a ready state either from waiting, running or after creation, where as sleeping refers a thread going to a waiting state from running state. With reference to Java, when a task invokes its yield() method, it returns to the ready state and when a task invokes its sleep() method, it returns to the waiting state
  18. What are wrapper classes? Wrapper classes are classes that allow primitive types to be accessed as objects. For example, Integer, Double. These classes contain many methods which can be used to manipulate basic data types
  19. Does garbage collection guarantee that a program will not run out of memory? No, it doesn't. It is possible for programs to use up memory resources faster than they are garbage collected. It is also possible for programs to create objects that are not subject to garbage collection. The main purpose of Garbage Collector is recover the memory from the objects which are no longer required when more memory is needed.
  20. Name Component subclasses that support painting? The following classes support painting: Canvas, Frame, Panel, and Applet.
  21. What is a native method? A native method is a method that is implemented in a language other than Java. For example, one method may be written in C and can be called in Java.
  22. How can you write a loop indefinitely?
for(;;) //for loop
while(true); //always true
  1. Can an anonymous class be declared as implementing an interface and extending a class? An anonymous class may implement an interface or extend a superclass, but may not be declared to do both.
  2. What is the purpose of finalization? The purpose of finalization is to give an unreachable object the opportunity to perform any cleanup processing before the object is garbage collected. For example, closing a opened file, closing a opened database Connection.
  3. What invokes a thread's run() method? After a thread is started, via its start() method or that of the Thread class, the JVM invokes the thread's run() method when the thread is initially executed.
  4. What is the GregorianCalendar class? The GregorianCalendar provides support for traditional Western calendars.
  5. What is the SimpleTimeZone class? The SimpleTimeZone class provides support for a Gregorian calendar.
  6. What is the Properties class? The properties class is a subclass of Hashtable that can be read from or written to a stream. It also provides the capability to specify a set of default values to be used.
  7. What is the purpose of the Runtime class? The purpose of the Runtime class is to provide access to the Java runtime system.
  8. What is the purpose of the System class? The purpose of the System class is to provide access to system resources.
  9. What is the purpose of the finally clause of a try-catch-finally statement? The finally clause is used to provide the capability to execute code no matter whether or not an exception is thrown or caught. For example,
try
{
//some statements
}
catch
{
// statements when exception is cought
}
finally
{
//statements executed whether exception occurs or not
}
  1. What is the Locale class? The Locale class is used to tailor program output to the conventions of a particular geographic, political, or cultural region.
  2. What must a class do to implement an interface? It must provide all of the methods in the interface and identify the interface in its implements clause.

  1. What is the difference between an Abstract class and Interface?
  2. What is user defined exception?
  3. What do you know about the garbage collector?
  4. What is the difference between java and c++?
  5. In an htm form I have a button which makes us to open another page in 15 seconds. How will you do that?
  6. What is the difference between process and threads?
  7. What is update method called?
  8. Have you ever used HashTable and Directory?
  9. What are statements in Java?
  10. What is a JAR file?
  11. What is JNI?
  12. What is the base class for all swing components?
  13. What is JFC?
  14. What is the difference between AWT and Swing?
  15. Considering notepad/IE or any other thing as process, What will happen if you start notepad or IE 3 times ? Where three processes are started or three threads are started?
  16. How does thread synchronization occur in a monitor?
  17. Is there any tag in htm to upload and download files?
  18. Why do you canvas?
  19. How can you know about drivers and database information ?
  20. What is serialization?
  21. Can you load the server object dynamically? If so what are the 3 major steps involved in it?
  22. What is the layout for toolbar?
  23. What is the difference between Grid and Gridbaglayout?
  24. How will you add panel to a frame?
  25. Where are the card layouts used?
  26. What is the corresponding layout for card in swing?
  27. What is light weight component?
  28. Can you run the product development on all operating systems?
  29. What are the benefits if Swing over AWT?
  30. How can two threads be made to communicate with each other?
  31. What are the files generated after using IDL to java compiler?
  32. What is the protocol used by server and client?
  33. What is the functionability stubs and skeletons?
  34. What is the mapping mechanism used by java to identify IDL language?
  35. What is serializable interface?
  36. What is the use of interface?
  37. Why is java not fully objective oriented?
  38. Why does java not support multiple inheritance?
  39. What is the root class for all java classes?
  40. What is polymorphism?
  41. Suppose if we have a variable 'I' in run method, if I can create one or more thread each thread will occupy a separate copy or same variable will be shared?
  42. What are virtual functions?
  43. Write down how will you create a Binary tree?
  44. What are the traverses in binary tree?
  45. Write a program for recursive traverse?
  46. What are session variable in servlets?
  47. What is client server computing?
  48. What is constructor and virtual function? Can we call a virtual function in a constructor?
  49. Why do we use oops concepts? What is its advantage?
  50. What is middleware? What is the functionality of web server?
  51. Why is java not 100% pure oops?
  52. When will you use an interface and abstract class?
  53. What is the exact difference in between Unicast and Multicast object? Where will it be used?
  54. What is the main functionality of the remote reference layer?
  55. How do you download stubs from Remote place?
  56. I want to store more than 10 objects in a remote server? Which methodology will follow?
  57. What is the main functionality of Prepared Statement?
  58. What is meant by Static query and Dynamic query?
  59. What are Normalization Rules? Define Normalization?
  60. What is meant by Servelet? What are the parameters of service method?
  61. What is meant by Session? Explain something about HTTP Session Class?
  62. In a container there are 5 components. I want to display all the component names, how will you do that?
  63. Why there are some null interface in JAVA? What does it mean? Give some null interface in JAVA?
  64. Tell some latest versions in JAVA related areas?
  65. What is meant by class loader? How many types are there? When will we use them?
  66. What is meant by flickering?
  67. What is meant by distributed application? Why are we using that in our application?
  68. What is the functionality of the stub?
  69. Explain about version control?
  70. Explain 2-tier and 3-tier architecture?
  71. What is the role of Web Server?
  72. How can we do validation of the fields in a project?
  73. What is meant by cookies? Explain the main features?
  74. Why java is considered as platform independent?
  75. What are the advantages of java over C++?
  76. How java can be connected to a database?
  77. What is thread?
  78. What is difference between Process and Thread?
  79. Does java support multiple inheritance? if not, what is the solution?
  80. What are abstract classes?
  81. What is an interface?
  82. What is the difference abstract class and interface?
  83. What are adapter classes?
  84. what is meant wrapper classes?
  85. What are JVM.JRE, J2EE, JNI?
  86. What are swing components?
  87. What do you mean by light weight and heavy weight components?
  88. What is meant by function overloading and function overriding?
  89. Does java support function overloading, pointers, structures, unions or linked lists?
  90. What do you mean by multithreading?
  91. What are byte codes?
  92. What are streams?
  93. What is user defined exception?
  94. In an htm page form I have one button which makes us to open a new page in 15 seconds. How will you do that? 
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SELECT DISTINCT Example

The following SQL statement selects only the distinct values from the "City" columns from the "Customers" table:

Example

SELECT DISTINCT City FROM Customers; 
The following SQL statement selects the "ProductName" and "Price" records that have an above average price:

Example

SELECT ProductName, Price FROM Products
WHERE Price>(SELECT AVG(Price) FROM Products);

Joins

Example

SELECT Orders.OrderID, Customers.CustomerName, Orders.OrderDate
FROM Orders
INNER JOIN Customers
ON Orders.CustomerID=Customers.CustomerID;
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E books

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MBA I,II,III,IV Regular/Supple (January/February-2011) Papers
MBA-I Semester (R09,R07,R05)–Regular Exams Question Papers (February-2011)

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Code:
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MCA-III Semester (R09,R06,NR)–Regular Exams Question Papers (January-2011)
Code:
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JNTU-HYD : B.Tech 3-1 Semester (R07) Exams-May 2011 Question Papers

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JNTU-HYD : B.Tech 4-1 Semester (R07)Exams Question Papers-May 2011

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Civil Engineering (CE)
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JNTU-HYD : B.Tech 2-1 Semester (R09) Exams-May 2011 Question Papers

 

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