ebooks on ECE (DSP): COMMUNICATIONS

1. Signals, Samples and Stuff: A DSP Tutorial: Part 1,  Part 2, Part 3, Part 4 - Doug Smith
2. FAQs on Digital Signal Processing-
3. Wireless Communications: Signal Processing Perspectives-Poor and Wornell
4. Signal Processing with Fractals: A Wavelet-Based Approach-G. W. Wornell
5. Wireless Communications: Signal Processing Perspectives-Poor and Wornell
6. Stochastic Processes, Detection and Estimation-A. S. Willsky and G. W. Wornell

1. Fundamentals of Image Processing - Young, Gerbrands and Vliet
2. Advances in Nonlinear Signal and Image Processing -Edited by: Stephen Marshall and Giovanni L. Sicuranza
3. Image Processing and Data Analysis: The Multiscale Approach -JL Starck, F Murtagh and A Bijaoui
4. Principles of Computerized Tomographic Imaging - Kak and Slaney
5. IMAGE ESTIMATION BY EXAMPLE: Geophysical Soundings Image Construction - Jon Claerbout and Sergey Fomel
6. BASIC EARTH IMAGING- Jon Claerbout
7. EARTH SOUNDINGS ANALYSIS: Processing versus Inversion - Jon Claerbout
8. IMAGING THE EARTH'S INTERIOR- Jon Claerbout
9. FUNDAMENTALS OF GEOPHYSICAL DATA PROCESSING - Jon Claerbout
10. Genetic and Evolutionary Computation for Image Processing and Analysis -Stefano Cagnoni, Evelyne Lutton, and Gustavo Olague
11. Advances in Nonlinear Signal and Image Processing -Edited by: Stephen Marshall and Giovanni L. Sicuranza
12. Image Processing in C: Analyzing and Enhancing Digital Images- Dwayne Phillips

ebooks on Neural Network (Artificial Intelligence)

1. Neural Nets, Kevin Gurney
2. An Introduction to Artificial Neural Networks, C.A.L. Bailer-Jones berg, R. Gupta, H.P. Singh
3. Neural Networks, Genevieve Orr
4. Introduction to Neural Networks
5. Machine Learning, Neural and Statistical Classification, D. Michie, D.J. Spiegelhalter, C.C. Taylor
6. Planning Algorithms, Steven M. LaValle
7. Introduction to Machine Learning, Nils J. Nilsson
8. Reinforcement Learning: An Introduction, Richard S. Sutton and Andrew G. Barto
9. An Introduction to Neural Networks Ben Krose, Patrick van der Smagt
10. Neural Networks - A Systematic Introduction, Raul Rojas
11. Neural Networks, Christos Stergiou and Dimitrios Siganos
12. Dynamics of Complex Systems, Yaneer Bar-Yam
13. Convex Optimization, Stephen Boyd and Lieven Vandenberghe
14. Reinforcement Learning:An Introduction, Richard S. Sutton, Andrew G. Barto
15. Computing and the Brain, Dr Bruce Graham
16. A Genetic Algorithm Tutorial, Darrell Whitley
17. Artificial Intelligence through Prolog, Neil C. Rowe
18. Brief Introduction to Educational Implications of Artificial Intelligenc,David Moursund
19. Gaussian Processes for Machine Learning, Carl Edward Rasmussen and Christopher K. I. Williams
20. Global Optimization Algorithms - Theory and Application, Thomas Weise
21. Introduction to Neural Networks with Java, Jeff Heaton
22. Practical Artificial Intelligence Programming in Java, Mark Watson
23. Prolog and Natural-Language Analysis, Fernando C. N. Pereira, Stuart M. Shieber

eBooks on Information Theory and Communication System

eBooks on Information Theory and Communication System

1. Fundamentals of Wireless Communication, David Tse and Pramod Viswanath
2. An Introduction to Wireless Technology, IBM
3. Information Theory, Inference and Learning Algorithms, David J. C. MacKay
4. Entropy and Information Theory, R.M. Gray
5. Complexity Issues in Coding Theory, Alexander Barg
6. Network Coding Theory, Raymond W. Yeung, Shuo-Yen Robert Li, Ning Cai and Zhen Zhang
7. Notes on Coding Theory, Jonathan I. Hall
8. Theory of Codes, Jean Berstel, Dominique Perrin, C. Reutenauer
9. Codes and Automata, Jean Berstel, Dominique Perrin, C. Reutenauer
10. A Short Course in Information Theory, David J.C. MacKay
11. Information, Randomness and Incompleteness, G J Chaitin, IBM Research
12. A Discipline Independent Definition of Information, Robert M. Losee
13. A Mathematical Theory of Communication, Claude E. Shannon
14. The Limits of Mathematics: A Course on Information Theory and the Limits of Formal Reasoning , G J Chaitin
15. UWB Communication Systems—A Comprehensive Overview, Edited by: Maria-Gabriella Di Benedetto, Thomas Kaiser, Andreas F.Molisch, Ian Oppermann, Christian Politano, and Domenico Porcino
16. Introduction to Data Communications, by Eugene Blanchard
17. Understanding Optical Communications
18. Asterisk: The Future of Telephony, Jim Van Meggelen/Jared Smith/Leif Madsen
19. Primer on Information Theory, Thomas Schneider
20. A Discipline Independent Definition of Information, Robert M. Losee
21. High Speed Communication Circuits and Systems, Prof. Michael Perrott
22. Communication System Design, Prof. Vladimir Stojanovic
23. Essential Coding Theory, Prof. Madhu Sudan
24. Speech Communication, Prof. Kenneth Steven
25. Quantum Optical Communication, Prof. Jeffrey H. Shapiro
26. Principles of Wireless Communications, Prof. Lizhong Zheng
27. Principles of Digital Communications I, Prof. Robert Gallager, Prof. Lizhong Zheng
28. Principles of Digital Communication II, Prof. David Forney
29. Quantum Information Science, Prof. Issac Chuang, Prof. Peter Shor
30. Transmission of Information, Prof. Muriel Medard, Prof. Lizhong Zheng
31. Data Communication Networks, Prof. Eytan Modiano
32. Stochastic Processes, Detection, and Estimation, Prof. Alan Willsky, Prof. Gregory Wornell
33. Primer on Information Theory by Thomas Schneider
34. Wireless Communications: Signal Processing Perspectives-Poor and Wornell
35. Stochastic Processes, Detection and Estimation-A. S. Willsky and G. W. Wornell

Marketing : Static and Dynamic understanding of BBruce Henderson of Boston C Consulting Group Matrix

Marketing : Static and Dynamic understanding of BBruce Henderson of Boston C Consulting Group Matrix

BCG matrix is a growth - share matrix depicting the position of a corporation's portfolio of business units with comparison to each other on a single plot. It was developed by Bruce Henderson of Boston Consulting Group in 1970s.
                                 

BCG Growth - Share Matrix

           
This matrix considers two factors important for the growth and success of a firm one is market growth rate and another is relative market share. The matrix is plotted along these two factors. Market growth rate is the overall industry's growth rate, as much high it is that much attractive it is to be in that business. An increased market growth rate leads to consumption of cash. Relative market share is the firm's market share in comparison to the market leader in that sector. An increased market share leads to the generation of cash and it is generally a good position for a business unit to have a high market share as it is able to capitalise on its experience curve and employ cost advantages.

There are four segments on the basis of different combinations of these factors:

1. Cash Cows : This is a situation for a business unit when the market growth of its industry is low but relative market share of the firm is high. This may be a result on the product life cycle when the business had really gained a significant market share during the growth days of market and it is still able to maintain that when the market growth rate had slowed down.

It means business is consuming less funds as market growth is slow but it is generating more funds as it has dominance in the market share because of its experience in the market. And due to this the business has been able to cut its cost and being more productive in less funds.

It does not need funds for investment in fixed assets, research or mass marketing but only for operations and to target the target customers.

These kind of businesses are good as long they can survive or should be retained even if small investments needed to run it as it can fund the corporation's growing units with least attention and investment. Just giving the fruits of corporation's hard work in its old years.

2. Stars : A business unit comes under stars when both its market growth rate and relative market share are high. It means the business unit needs more funds to satisfy its need for expansion and up-gradation, fixed investments, research, marketing,etc. At the same time when its market share is increasing it is able to generate more funds from volume sales, new customer acquisition, etc. Its net profit may be even out with its funds consumption. The business is in growth stage of product life cycle.

This is the right time to invest in it by pouring in funds from the corporations' other business units which may be from cash cows or by divesting loss making units.

3. Question Marks : Some business units become question mark when they have low relative market share in highly growing market. They tend to consume more funds but lack in funds generation. These are also in the growth stage of product life cycle.

There may be some problem with the way of carrying business because if the market is growing it means the industry's other competitors are growing and they are hitting the nail at the right place. We can take the example of Nokia, it was the king of mobile handset market in India but with the inception of low price handset companies like Micromax and smart phones from Samsung it started loosing its market share even when the market growth rate was very high.

These units need more and more funds for carrying out business but even on this they do not turn out to be profitable and make losses and thus there is a question mark on them they are also called problem child.

 If the corporation's philosophy allows it may be better to chalk out the actual problem and try to solve it, it may be regarding not getting sufficient funds or some procurement, production, finance,marketing or sales related problem or sell it as Nokia sold its handset business to Microsoft.

4. Dogs : Businesses which have relatively low market share in the slowly growing market are called dogs. They neither consume much funds nor generate enough funds. This stage generally comes in the late maturity time of product life cycle when the market growth rate has slowed down.

It may not be wrong to say that we are in the wrong business as even being for a long time in the same business since its growth the business has not been able to gain sufficient market share and still struggling with profits.

Retrenchment may be the best option for these units.

Shortcomings of B.C.G matrix:

BCG matrix is not much relevant in today's scenario. As it considers only two factors market growth rate and relative market share important for taking decisions in business. There are many other factors which play important role in a business's success like no.of competitors, size of the market, sector of the business, etc.

A business unit may have very small market share in comparison to competitors but it may have complete hold on the niche it is playing in.

A corporation's all the business units need not necessarily be dependent on each other.

According to matrix when a business seems to be a dog it may in actual be a cash cow for the corporation.

Its not necessary that particular strategy is applicable to all the situations, many things also depend on corporation's philosophy and situations that whether it want to stay in the market at any cost or its objective is to make money only or to keep its presence in the market or philanthropy.

Although BCG matrix may not be so relevant in today's world but it still provides a basic tool for the understanding of business and business decision making.

Marketing : Product Life Cycle (Sales vs Time) 

Products also have a life cycle just like humans. They also have different stages in their life as they move forward in their journey of life.

The concept of PLC is based on following assumptions:

1. Products have a limited life.
2. Product sales passes through different stages which offer different challenges, opportunities and problems.
3. Profits rise and fall at stages of PLC.
4. Products require different strategies of marketing, human resource, finance, purchase, manufacturing, etc in different stages of its life cycle.

These different stages of life of a product can be plotted on a chart named as PLC. Where X axis represents time and Y axis represents sales and profit. Sales are always greater than the realisation of profit.

Different stages of Product Life Cycle (PLC)

Basically, PLC is a tool which allows a business  to examine the stage of its product in the market through its sales and profit in particular time period. After that it can chalk out a strategy to over come the problems faced by the product in the market. Lets have a look at the different stages of product life cycle and problems and opportunities it generally faces in that stage:

1. Introduction stage: It is the stage of introduction of product in the market. The company has to make heavy investments in order to launch and run a product in the market for the first time. Sales volume are very slow and profits are generally non existent or are negative. If a company is able to sustain and overcome it, then only it reaches the next stage.

2. Growth: If the product has been accepted by the market its sale grows rapidly and the business start making profit very steeply. There is awareness in the market about the brand and product. Product starts facing competition therefore marketing expenditure increases.

3. Maturity: After the product has seen substantial growth and reached to masses it starts facing stagnation in sales and rate of growth of  sales declines. Profits may increase or come down due to competition. The business has to make expansion and promotional strategy, offer different models of the same product, find new niche markets, offer discounts, schemes, etc to sustain in the market. This is the longest stage of PLC.

4. Decline: After the fruits of maturity has been reaped product faces huge decline in sales and its declining stage of product life cycle starts. Profits start falling severely. Competition becomes cut throat and market share start declining fast. Company may focus on only profitable markets.

At this stage business may decide to make investments in fixed assets for technology up-gradation that may revive the product and manufacture totally new kind of variants. Innovation and up-gradation may be the best strategy at this stage if the company wants to continue the product or divestment or elimination of the product is the other option.

Shortcomings of product life cycle:

Although PLC is a good tool to asses a product's future prospects and strategy it is not the only life cycle of a product. A product may show other pattern of life cycle apart from this and be unpredictable. Not all the products necessarily reach the decline phase or a product may never see a decline.

Sometimes it is difficult to asses the stage of a product, it may seem to be maturity but it may come out to be decline without passing through maturity.

Life span of different stages may be very different from this. Maturity need not always be the longest stage instead introduction stage may be the longest.

If a temporary fall in profits mistakenly taken as decline and plan for its discontinuance have been started it will lead it to decline even when actually it was not.

Brand marketing

Branding is one of the important processes of marketing. Be it a big business or a small one branding has its say everywhere. Difference between branded and non branded goods or services can be seen and felt easily. In today's world of internet and technology as much easy it has become to communicate that much difficult it has become to be seen as committed to that communication.

Its not like once you have created or developed a brand and now rest of your life you can bank upon

Branding

that. The business has to continuously evolve its brand with time. Some of the brand building strategies are as follow:

1. Define the brand: It includes how a business sees its brand and what are the traits it want to be associated with it. How it want the consumers to look at and feel about the brand. What values of the firm they want to attach with the brand. It helps in defining the brand.

2. Composition of brand: Here the firm has to decide upon the things that present the brand to the outer world. Like brand name, logo, colour, design, music, etc.

3. Target and positioning of the brand: Once the brand is ready now here comes the step to make it open to the world and present it to the consumers. Now comes the question how to covey the values of the brand to the consumers. Advertising is one of the ways to do it but only advertising can not do the work. Business needs to show its values through its product, services and conduct.

Not only consumers but employees are also a vital part of this brand building. The conduct an organisation does with its employees is seen in their interaction with the consumers.

4. Review the brand: After the brand has been exposed to the market it needs to be reviewed periodically on the grounds of company's philosophy which may change with time, its effectiveness, its influence, the value it holds for consumers, competition, etc.

5. Reaffirm the brand: If any changes need to be incorporated it should be as business is an ongoing process and needs and wants of consumers changes with time. New demographics occur with new thinking which needs to be addressed without delay.

The brand should be relaunched with freshness and new values.

Apart from above I would like to share some new age branding strategies which I recently read in an article onwww.forbes.com contributed by Glenn Llopis:

1. See consumers engagement that others don't.
2. Establish an identity that is easily relatable.
3. A lifestyle platform that inspires people and communicates hope.
4. Continuous innovation with flawless timing and execution.
5. Promote the genuine spirit of giving.
6. Serve others to leave a legacy.

Marketing : Share , strategies

After a firm has seen growth in its business and reaped profits from it but the business has now become stagnant and growth slowed down. The business needs to expand its horizon to increase its market share to increase its profit. Some of the strategies to increase market share are as follow:

1. The firm should look at the customers it presently has as an asset and should do all the efforts to sustain them. If it tries to look out for new customers and doesn't pay attention to the present customer base then acquiring new customers is of no use as the firm still has same or even less customers as old customers have left them.

2. By the expansion of geographic area business may acquire new customers and expand its market share. They can do it by expanding their sale to new state or even new country by means of export.
3. The firm can tap new customers in the present geographic area who are not using their products by way of schemes and promotion.
4. New uses of the same product can be found out and suggested to the market via advertising like does Dettol.
5. New variants of the product can be brought for capturing different tastes and interests of customers like Colgate introduced many variants of toothpaste like colgate maxfresh, colgate total, colgate herbal, colgate active salt, etc.
6. Up-gradation in manufacturing process for manufacturing upgraded product according to the market demand helps in increasing market share.
7. Exploring new niches is always a good way to increase market share.
8. Product innovation of products in demand helps the company to stay ahead in the competition.
9. Strengthening the brand image and making it popular among customers automatically pulls the demand of products.
10. Customer relationship management helps in sustaining the current customer base and bringing new customers via word of mouth communication.
11. Brand or product promotion via advertising, contests, sponsorship, CSR, helps in increasing sale of a product.

Pricing objectives in Human Resource Management

Pricing is the process of translating the value of product or service into quantitative terms and adding to it the revenue a firm wants to earn after considering all the expenses occurred both in monetary and non monetary forms. Price is the outcome of pricing which is kept unchanged for a certain period of time.

Pricing considers all the factors like cost of procurement of raw materials, cost of production, cost of transportation, distribution, marketing, packaging, and sales promotion, competition, purchasing power of target market, government policies, etc.

Pricing includes setting objectives, identifying the factors governing price, formulating price policies, formulatingstrategies for setting prices, implementing them and controlling them.

Some of the objectives of pricing are as follow:

1. Return on investment: Main objective of pricing is that the price decided for a product should be able to bring satisfactory return on investment so that the firm gets motivation and viability to carry on the production of a product.

2. Profit maximisation: When product gets acceptance in the market firms try to maximise their profits by way of pricing by keeping the price of a product high.

3. Price stability: When the price of a product is volatile its consumers are confused therefore companies try to keep the price stable to win the confidence of consumers.

4. Under the reach of target market: This is also one of the basic objective of pricing where price of the product is kept at the level where the target market can easily afford it.

5. Social welfare: Sometimes social welfare is the objective when a company keeps the price of a product at minimum possible level so that they can serve the beneficiary. It happens mostly with generic and basic products run by some NGO or non-profit organisation working with social welfare objective.

6. Complying Government policies: In the process of pricing a product government policies for maximum price including taxes have to be kept in mind. Price of the product needs to be in compliance with the law of the land.

7. Beating competition: When a firm runs a product with the objective to beat the competition it may follow low price policy to penetrate the market and increase its market share.

8. In line with firm's objectives: In whatever stage of product of a firm be in product life cycle its pricing is directly influenced with that. It means pricing objectives are directly proportional to a firm's objectives.

9. Bringing satisfactory profits to channel partners: After a product is manufactured it reaches to its customers via different channels who are called traders or intermediaries having monetary interests. Pricing has to cater their interest and profits to sell the products to final customers.

10. Consumers' satisfaction: A product is made for the ultimate customer who uses it. Pricing of a product should be such that a consumer feels satisfaction while buying and using the product. It should not be too high that the customer feels it does not worth it and nor too low that customer feels it is of sub quality.

Human Resource Management (HRM)

Concept of HRM

Human resources are the total knowledge, talents and aptitudes of an organisation as well as the values, attitudes, approaches and beliefs of the individuals involved in the affairs of the organisation. It is the sum total of the inherent abilities, acquired knowledge and skills represented by the talents and aptitudes of the persons employed in an organisation.

Definition:

According  to Edwin B. Flippo, "human resource management is the process of planing, organising, directing, controlling of procurement, development, compensation, integration, maintenance and separation of human resources to the end that individual, organisational and social objectives are accomplished."

HRM is the process of bringing an oranisation and its employees together so that they work together to achieve their goals. It is a management function which includes recruitment, selection, training and development, appraisal, compensation, rewards, motivation and growth, industrial relations, employee welfare, grievance redressal, etc in relation to the employees of an organisation.

Perspectives in Human resource management:

Normative perspective of Human resource management

This approach deals with HRM from two basic perspective "hard HRM" and "soft HRM".

"Hard" HRM embraces all those elements in employment relations laying emphasis on employee's compliance, quantitative output, managers, task and the development of the organisation. "Soft" HRM will tend to favour flexibility, negotiation, performance, quality, recognition of environments and rights in employment relations. It is more strategic and long term.

Critical perspective of Human resource management

The critical perspective of HRM is an outcome of normative perception. It proposes that organisations maintain their "soft HRM" approach only to show in their policies but in reality they practice "hard HRM" to extend management control.

They pretend to be concerned for workers and exploit them through work intensification and downsizing. Thus Critical Perspective proposes that HRM has only changed organizational rhetoric and reality has not changed since the introduction of Personnel. However it also argues that HRM uses a unitary, soft HRM rhetoric to obscure hard reality characterized by increased management control and diminished job security for employees. The first proposition describes HRM as powerless and the second as powerful.

Behavioural perspective of Human resource management

Behavioural perspective of HRM believes that it is vital for an organisation to control or mould the behaviour of  its employees to bring the desired results from them. Focus is on the identification of  desired behaviour, ensuring availability of opportunities and environment for desired behaviour, developing employees' skills to bring desired behaviour, and motivating employees to behave as desired.

Different employee behaviours needed for different organisations. Organisations' policies and practices help in bringing desired employee behaviour and that increases its effectiveness.

Strategic perspective of Human resource management

Strategic perspective of HRM believes that the human resources are valuable in improving an organisation's efficiency or effectiveness.

It provides a strategic framework to support long term business goals and objectives. The focus is on longer term people issues and macro concerns about structure, quality, culture, values, commitment and matching resources to future need.

It involves development of consistent practices, programs, and policies to facilitate achievement of strategicobjectives.

TeaApt: sample questions

TeaApt: sample questions

1. Some students do not show any signs of understanding. Under such circumstances I would rather not

1. Waste my time on them
2. Feet motivated to each them
3. Feel impatient but try to simplify
4. Scold them

2. Ancient Indian teachers applied some psychological principles in educating the young child from pre-school age adolescence. They recognized the role of

1. Convent system of schooling
2. Sense and perceptions in learning and teaching
3. Gurukul type of schooling
4. None of the above

3. When you make a mistake while teaching in the class and your students points it out angrily then what will you do?
1. You will scold the student and angrily resist him
2.  You will feel sorry for committing a blunder
3. You will break all the limits of anger
4. You will leave the class for few day.

4. What will you do as a teacher if the students do not attend your class?
1. Keep quiet considering the present attitude of students
2. Blame the students for their absence
3. Think of using some interesting methods of teaching
4. Know the reasons and try to remove them

5. Which of the qualities described below make a teacher popular amongst students?
1. A teacher help the students during educational work and the hour of need.
2. A teacher who overlooks the student’s mischieves.
3. A teacher who behaves with students in a friendly way.
4. None of the above

6. Students differ greatly in their susceptibility to anger due to heredity, health status and environment and to the way they are dealt with by adults. As a teacher, how will you try to direct his attention towards something else:
1. Grown up children should be taught a problem solving behaviour in coping with situation that provoke anger.
2. Angle should be used into socially acceptable channel
3. They must be taught how to express anger so as to avoid disapproval
4. All of these

7. Teacher should not demand their pupils which is beyond their stage of growth. If they do so, they only cause
1. frustration
2. frustrations, heighten tension and nervousness in children
3. encouragement to students to learn more
4. None of the above.

8. A serious minded teacher as a rule
1. Allows the mistakes to be committed and explains how to minimize those mistakes
2. Takes all precaution so that students never commit mistakes
3. Never allows any mistakes on the part of his students
4. Should mildly punish students who commit mistakes

9. If a teacher has to establish his credibility in evaluation answer scripts he must be
1. lenient
2. b. strict
3. objective
4. prompt

10. How should a teacher behave with the students?
1. Father like
2. A friend like
3. General
4. Elder like

11. Sympathy has great educational significance. It leads to altruism and true fellow-feeling. Thus teacher’s should develop
1. a egostic personality
2. neutral feelings
3. good moral conduct
4. sympathic towards good students only

12. A teacher is the leader both de jure and de facto. He is in the authority before the students, and so it is his right to lead. While assuming leadership of the students, he should follow some important principles.
1. preparation and planning
2. creating right atmosphere in the class
3. providing opportunities
4. all of the above

13. A children is a back-bencher and is unable to watch the black-board clearly, therefore he stands, see and sit repeatedly. What inference will you draw with the student’s difficulty?
1. The child has a poor eye-sight
2. The black board may have shinning effect of light
3. The child may have defective eyes
4. The child is creating mischief.

14. A teacher’s most precious item is his
1. job
2. pay
3. pride
4. student’s faith

15. If a student is constantly rubbing his eyes and is inattentive during blackboard work he is having
1. adjustment problem
2. hearing problem
3. diversion of mind
4. any of the above

16. An effective teacher is expected to
1. reduce the anxiety level of students to moderate level
2. encourage the students to make initiative
3. to make students feel that education is their need
4. all of the above

17. Quality of education in a school/college can be measured through
1. manpower, teachers and principal available
2. infrastructural facilities available
3. student’s achievement
4. all of the above

18. Why is a teacher is called as a leader of the class
1. He masters the art of oratory like a political leader.
2. He is the autocratic emperor of his class.
3. He belongs to a recognized teacher’s union
4. He is maker of the future of his students

19. Observable behaviours which a teacher can use in the class to bring home to the pupil an idea or point is technically called
1. teaching skills
2. demonstration
3. communication facilities
4. none of these

20. The male students of your class are annoyed with you on the pretext you have favour to the female students. In such a an embarrassing situation how would you like to control them in the class
1. You will tell the male students that girls have no option except to depend on the school teacher for their academic assistance
2. You will justify that most of the female students are more sincere towards their studies than male students.
3. You will justify to the male students that it is difficult for you refuse the request made by female students.
4. None of the above.

21. After a lecture, if a student asks you a question, and you do not know the answer of the question, what will be your response in that situation
1. You will not answer
2. You will say that the question is improper
3. You will discourage the student
4. You promise to give the answer next lecture

22. A teacher learns the maximum from the
1. books
2. principal
3. well wishers
4. students

23. As a teacher, which behaviour of a student will you consider as a serious matter
1. If he asks multiple questions in a class room
2. If he does not complete the homework
3. During a lecture/studies he talks to an other student
4. To be slow in studies.

24. A teacher exploits students in your school. In this situation, you will
1. not interfere in this matter
2. report the matter to the principal
3. guide the teacher please stop this activity
4. go on satyagraha against the teacher

25. If students absents from the classes for a long time,
1. you will try to know the cause of his absence
2. you would be neutral and would not show any interest in it
3. he would be absent due to some personal reasons
4. it is not duty of teacher

26. To stop malpractice of mass-copying in the examinations, what will you do?
1. You will give punishment to student and his parent
2. You will give severe punishment to students
3. You will try to give moral education to the students
4. You will rusticate the students forever from the school

27. Effective teaching means
1. Corporal punishment given to students at the time of moral offences.
2. Love, cooperation, sympathy, affection and encouragement given to students.
3. Individualized instruction and open class room discussion
4. Both (a) and (c)

28. If a high caste teacher adopts a discriminatory attitude towards a low caste students his behaviour
1. correct according to his religion
2. against the national spirit, and need of the hour
3. not against the constitutional provisions
4. not against the code of teacher’s professionalism of UNESCO

29. The professional requirements of a teacher as explained in the UNESCO publication is/are
1. Innovativeness in approach and teaching strategies
2. Mastery over the subject and competency of teaching
3. Justice to the profession
4. All of the above

30. A teacher can guide students very much efficiently, because
1. students obey teacher’s orders
2. he is the boss of the students
3. students fear him
4. he understand student’s psychology

31. Before starting instruction a teacher should
1. be aware of the environmental variables acting on the mind of the pupils
2. know the existing knowledge of his students and their background knowledge
3. be competent enough to arouse the curiosity of his pupils
4. all of the above

32. Many experienced teacher go into a class room and embark straight away upon a lesson. As a beginner to the teaching profession you will
1. do as the student’s like
2. make a written note of your preparation
3. adopt the same procedure
4. None of the above

33. In order to help educationally backward child, it is necessary for a teacher
1. to find out the cause of his backwardness
2. to refer him other competent teacher
3. to skip such students
4. None of the above

34. A teacher meeting his students for the first time should
1. develop rapport with the class
2. start teaching without caring the students like and dislikes
3. give a broad outline of the whole subject
4. (b) and (c) both

35. Verbal guidance is least effective in teaching
1. relationship
2. concept and facts
3. attitude
4. skills

36. There will be better communication in a lecture if a teacher
1. reads from prepared notes
2. prepares the notes will in advance and uses them as a guide
3. talks extempore
4. talks extempore drawing examples from other disciplines

37. Drop outs are more likely to be
1. vulnerable to the requirement of the public assistance
2. unemployed
3. engaged in anti-social behaviour
4. all of these

38. Teachers should study educational philosophy because
1. they do not have their own philosophy
2. they do not know it
3. philosophy is he backbone of all disciplines
4. they may improve their work by clarifying their own philosophy

39. If you invite your personal friends and colleagues in your son’s birthday party, the procedure of it will be
1. only personal invitation will be extended to most dear ones.
2. Only a specific group of teachers will be invited
3. Extend invitation to al the teachers without any distinction
4. You would invite all the personnel of the school

40. Class room discipline can be maintained effectively
1. by putting of fancy clothes in the classroom
2. providing a programme which is according to the need and interest of the pupils
3. knowing the cause of indiscipline and handling it with stern hand
4. none of the above

41. If a student, wears some odd dress and attends your class, you will
1. ask the student do not to attend the class
2. make a joke on him
3. communicate him not to wear such cloths
4. not give any attention on it.

42. You are a teacher of literature. A chapter of a book deals with biography of scientists and his works. In this situation, what would you do with this chapter?
1. you would ask the students to read themselves
2. you would request the Science teacher, to teach this chapter to the students
3. you would consult other book concerning with the scientist and then you would teach the lesson to students
4. Any one of them

43. When your personal friend seeks your assistance to get his ward’s admission in the school, how would you extend your cooperation to him?
1. You would extend all types of support as you have intimate relationship
2. You would not help him
3. You would put forward some lame excuse
4. None of the above

44. If a principal of your college, charges you with the act of negligence of duties, how would you behave with him?
1. you would take revenge by giving physical and mental agony to him
2. you would neglect him
3. you would take a tough stand against the charges
4. you would keep yourself alert and make his efforts unfruitful

45. You loss your behaviour when you are maltreated by others. When you show such behaviour in relation to others, what do you think?
1. You are the elder one, and have the authority to behave in such a manner.
2. Behave as you expect from others
3. I must control myself
4. None of the above.

46. If a teacher requests you to do a favour in a female student’s evaluation, what would you like to do in this situation?
1. You will teach him a moral lesson against injustice
2. You will remind him about the morality of being a teacher
3. You will evaluate the answer-book honestly and award marks accordingly
4. None of the above.

47. If some students fail in the examination it is the fault of
1. the principal
2. the teacher
3. pupils themselves
4. text books

48. If majority of students in your class are weak you should
1. keep your speed of teaching fast so that students comprehension level may increase
2. not care abut the intelligent students
3. keep your teaching slow
4. keep your teaching slow along with some extra guidance to bright pupils

49. In the final analysis, teaching must be though of mainly as a process of
1. hearing the recitation of pupils
2. directing the activities of the pupils
3. asking questions and evaluating the learning
4. all of the above

50. Democracy in the classroom is best reflected through
1. allowing student’s freedom to the observance of classroom rules and regulations
2. allowing the class to decide the curricular experience of the classroom
3. allowing the maximum participation of all the students in classroom activities
4. none of the above

51. A teacher who is not able to draw the attention of his students should
1. evaluate his teaching method and improve it
2. find fault in his pupils
3. resign form the post
4. start dictating

52. Teachers who are enthusiastic in the class-room teaching
1. simply drmatise to hold the student’s attention
2. often lack proficiency in the subjects which stays hidden under their enthusiasm.
3. Involve their students in the teaching learning process
4. All of the above

53. Use of telecast materials
1. enhances concentration and learning
2. increases retention power
3. reduces the burden of the teacher
4. all of the above

54. The students who keep on asking question in the class
1. should be encouraged to find answers independently
2. should be encouraged to participate in the classroom discussion
3. should be advised to meet the teacher after the class
4. should be encouraged to continue questioning

55. All of the following statements regarding a teacher are correct except that he is/he
1. a friend, guide and philosopher
2. teaches what the students do not know
3. changes his attitudes and behaviour according to the need of society
4. the leader of the class

56. In order to develop rapport with your pupils you should
1. behave them in a democratic way
2. guide them
3. have communicative ability
4. all of the above

57. A teacher is expected to do all except
1. help pupils to solve their problems
2. participation in community activities
3. taking interest in politics
4. sponsor clubs and other school affairs

58. A mentality retarded student attends your lecture and sit in a deaf and dumb manner what will you do?
1. Make your lecture very simple and spare some extra time for him
2. You pressurized the student to leave the class
3. You do not like to spoil majority for the individual
4. You do not support him at all

59. An effective teacher adopts the norms of the
1. democratic society
2. autocratic society
3. laizzes faire society
4. all of the above according to the situation

60. While dealing with juvenile delinquents a teacher should
1. play them with filthy sex jokes
2. talk with them frankly and guide and channelize their potentialities in constructive ways.
3. Complain to the principal against them
4. None of the above

61. The adage of maintaining good relations with others is
1. kaleidoscopic personality
2. sycophancy
3. attractive features and mental make up
4. control over emotions

62. The male students of your class are annoyed with you on the pretext you have been easily approached the girl students and o a favour to them (girls). In such a an embarrassing situation how would you like to control them in the class
1. You will tell the male students that girls have no option except to depend on the school teacher for their academic assistance
2. You will justify that most of the female students are more sincere towards their studies than male students
3. You will communicate to the male students that it is difficult for you refuse the request made by female students
4. None of the above

63. TV is superior to radio as teaching aid because it
1. is costly
2. invites two senses – hearing and vision simultaneously leading to more accurate form of learning
3. is generally liked by pupils
4. all of the above

64. Arrange the following teaching process in order

(i) relating the present knowledge with the previous knowledge

(ii) evaluation

(iii) re-teaching

(iv) formulating objectives

(v) presentation of materials

1. (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)
2. (ii), (i), (iii), (iv), (v)
3. (v), (iv), (iii), (i), (ii)
4. (iv), (i), (v), (ii), (iii)

65. If students are not able to follow, you should
1. make the matter easy
2. give the prompt
3. illustrate with examples
4. all of the above

66. Which of the following steps would you consider first as an effective communicator?
1. plan the evaluation procedure
2. select the channels of communication
3. specify the objectives of communication
4. identify various media of communication

67. The best educational programme is one which is according to the
1. ability of the child
2. need of the child
3. interest of child
4. all of these along with the need of the society

68. Some of your colleagues are busy in cracking filthy jokes during their leisure in college. You are also a member of that group but unable to stop them. What would you do to avoid it?
1. You advice your colleagues to mind their languages while cracking jokes in college
2. You persuade them not to waste their leisure time is filthy jokes.
3. You change the groups or live in isolation because you don’t relish it.
4. You remind them of their noble profession

69. You have children. You are a teacher. How would like to behave with your students in comparison to your children
1. Just like own children
2. Repressed treatment
3. Equal treatment is not possible to all the students
4. It is better to lend item a free hand

70. Which of the following is the most important single factor in underlying the success of beginning a teacher?
1. Communicative ability
2. Scholarship
3. Personality an its ability to relate to the class and to the pupils
4. Organizational ability

71. An effective teaching means all of the following except
1. a teacher teaches with enthusiasm
2. a teacher find fault in his students
3. a teacher is interested in making the subject matter understood rather than on completing the course.
4. A teacher puts emphasis more on teaching than on class control

72. A teacher in the class should keep the pitch of his voice
1. high enough
2. moderate
3. low
4. sometime low and sometime high

73. How will you demonstrate your impartial behaviour?
1. By maintaining his high self-esteem and egoistic behaviour
2. By making own behaviour more balanced and fair.
3. By assaulting the teacher
4. By criticizing the teaching community

74. The greatest important cause of failure in beginning for a teacher lies in the area of
1. inter-personal relationship
2. knowledge of the teacher
3. verbal ability
4. tight handling of the students

75. The education aims at the fullest realization of all the potentialities of children. It implies that
1. they should provide suitable opportunities and favourable environmental facilities which are conducive to the maximum growth of children
2. Teachers and parents must know what children are capable of and what potentialities they possess.
3. It is necessary that their attitudes are helpful, encouraging and sympathetic.
4. All of the above

76. If some of your pupils misbehave with you in the college campus you must
1. report to their parents
2. report to the principal
3. improve their behaviour by your own character and scholarship
4. mobilize other teachers against these guys

77. The introduction of career courses in schools and colleges aims at
1. developing the ability to make the intelligent choice of jobs
2. providing professional knowledge to students
3. increasing G.K. in students
4. All of the above

78. A democratic society is one which
1. respects the enlightened individuals
2. follows the principles of equality, freedom, fraternity and justice
3. believes in equal educational opportunity
4. all of the above

79. The most appropriate meaning of learning is
1. personal adjustment
2. modification of behaviour
3. inculation of knowledge
4. acquisition of skills

80. The major responsibility with which the school personnels have been entrusted is that
1. it harmonizes the needs of the child and demands of the society for the benefit of both
2. it prepares the school programme according to the need of the child.
3. It makes the child able to get job
4. All of the above