Group Discussion topics for Software companies

  GD Probables:

1. US war on Iraq-justified or not.
2. Role of UN in peacekeeping.
3. Position of Women in India compared to other nations.
4. Environment Management.
5. Is China better than India in software.
6. Should SONIA gandhi be made the PM
7. BPOs in INDIA
8. Govt contribution to IT
9. Will punch lines rule the Advt
10. premarital sex
11. is china a threat to Indian industry
12. India or west , which is the land of opportunities
13. water resources should be nationalized
14."BALANCE BETWEEN PROFESSIONALISM AND FAMILY"
15. Effect of cinema on Youth
16. Education in India compared to Foreign nations
17. Is it necessary to ban COCO COLA in India.
18. What is the effect of movies on youth.(is it good or bad)
19. Are studies more beneficial in India or in Abroad.
20."UN's peace activities" and "America's war on Iraq".
21."Environment-Whose Responsibility".
22.Is China a threat to the Indian software industry.
23.Role of UN in Peace keeping
24.War on Iraq
25.About Hockey being the primary game in India.
26.Can america occupy iraq
27.Cricket shoudl be banned or not.
28.IS CHINA A THREAT TO INDIA
29.Present state of Indian Cricket team.
30.Love marriage/Arranged marriage.
31.Advantages of Co-education.

Hot Topics:

1.How to deal with international terrorism.
2.Should we pursue our policy of dialogue with Pakistan?
3.Is peace and non-violence outdated concepts?

Current Topics:

1.A Unipolar World spells disaster for underdeveloped countries like India.
2.Is Globalization Really Necessary?
3.What shall we do about our ever-increasing Population?
4.Corruption is the price we pay for Democracy.
5.Foreign Television Channels are destroying our culture.
6.What India needs is a Dictatorship.
7.With media publishing and telecasting trivia, censorship is the need of the hour.
8.Kaun Banega Krorepati is less about knowledge but more about money and personality.
9.Beauty contests degrade womanhood
10.The rise of regional blocs threatens independent nations like India
11.Six billion and one bronze!
12.Is dependence on computers a good thing?
13.Should the public sector be privatized?
14.China and India are similar nations with contrasting ways
15.Is India a Soft Nation?
16.Value based politics is the need of the hour
17.Religion should not be mixed with politics
18.How to deal with high oil prices
19.Our cricketers are not to blame for match fixing
20.Why cant we be world players in industry as we are in software?
21.Multinational corporations: Are they devils in disguise?
22.Should there be limits on artistic freedom (the controversy on Fire).
23.Should there be private universities?
24.Does banning fashion shows and New Year parties save our culture?

Social Topics:

1.Are Big Dams Necessary?
2.Films are corrupting the Indian Youth
3.A Gandhian State selling liquor is an anomaly
4.Bride burning and dowry may look bad, but are an integral part of India.
5.Our Culture is Decaying
6.We are not serious about saving Wildlife/Environment
7.The education system needs serious reforms
8.The impact of MTV on our psyche
9.Showing Violence and Crimes should not be allowed in films and on television.
10.Let us legalise gambling

Management Topics:

1.Is management an art or a science?
2.The Rush for MBA is really a rush for big money
3.Ethics in Business are just a passing fashion
4.The objective of Management is to maximise profits
5.Do professional managers have a chance in our family run businesses?
6.The Internet is an exercise in hype
7.Is an MBA necessary to succeed in life?
8.Family owned business vs professionally run businesses
9.Smaller businesses and start-ups have more scope for professional growth.
10.Dot com or doubt com?

Creative Topics:

1.The Wheel is Turning Round and Round
2.If I was the Finance Minister/Prime Minister
3.There is no right way to do a wrong thing
4.Group Task: How can we have Mount Everest in India?
5.Do Beauty and Brains Go Together?
6.When I woke up in the morning I saw…
7.A ship docked in Barbour cannot face the storms
8.Up the Down Staircase
9.Just as we have smoke free zones, we should have child free zones
10.Marriage is a social trap

SOCIAL TOPICS:

1. The Internet chains have come on the wings of science and technology but are no less restrictive for all that.
2. Secularism has become a tool to justify the wrongs done by the minorities.
3. Media is a mixed blessing/How ethical is media?
4. To fight AIDs, stop being coy about sex education.
5. What should India strive for- Westernization or modernization?

ECONOMIC TOPICS:

1. Developing countries need trade, not aid.
2. Why do we lag behind China?
3. Capitalism is a very flawed system but the others are so much worse.
4. Flexibility of labour laws is the key to attracting more Foreign Direct Investment.
5. Is the business of business only business?

POLITICAL TOPICS:

1. Reserving seats for women in Panchayat has not only been a farce but has distracted from developing a more genuine voice of women.
2. Have the nuclear tests of 1998 benefited or harmed India?
3. Voters, not, political parties are responsible for the criminalization of politics.
4. The voters are required to be well informed and educated about their candidates so that they can elect the right aspirant by their own assessment.
5. India should go for the presidential form of democracy.

ECONOMIC TOPICS:

1. In our economic matters, there is an excessive tendency towards the thinking rather than doing.
2. Every cloud has a silver lining
3. Can the economy achieve an 8 percent growth rate?.
4. Is disinvestment really that good for India or is a rethink in order ?
5. Are co-operatives relevant in today's globalised environment?.
6. Foreign aid is a dangerous drug that can stimulate in small doses but become fatally addictive in larger doses.
7. Modern day sport in industrialised society is an industry, as anything else.
8. Government should clean its own hands before pointing finger at the private sector for corruption.
9. Is the NPA ordinance too harsh?
10. Reforms have to grow up.
11. The future lies with glocalisation .
12. Is the consumer really the king in India?.
13. Globalisation versus nationalism
14. Conditional access system for cable TV watchers: boon or bane?
15. If India is poorly governed, the reason is that we have designed our system of governance for protecting, if not encouraging, corruption?
16. Commercialisation of health care : Good or Bad ?
17. For globalisation to succeed in India people must be able to see what is in it for them
18. Is the US economy headed the Japanese economy way?
19. Economic freedom not old fashioned theories of development will lead to growth and prosperity
20. Markets left to themselves encourage greed.
21. For globalisation to succeed in India people must be able to see what is in it for them
22. Should businessmen run the finance ministry
23. Should important services like transport be left to market forces?.
24. Is there any point in having a business strategy when the world changes from month to month?
25. Is the patents bill good for India? .
26. Is the business of business only business?.
27. Globalisation is good for developing countries
28. Public sector being a guarantor of job security is a myth.
29. Is industryless growth here to stay ?
30. Capitalism is a very flawed system but the others are so much worse ?
31. How can business get rid of the bad name that it has earned?
32. Government pumping money into the economy is not the solution for
our economic problems
33. Business ethics are no longer a luxury for corporates but a necessity?
34. How should privatisation proceeds be utilised ?
35. Is the budgeting exercise of any use?
36. Should agricultural subsidies be stopped ?
37. Will Mumbai's film industry ever evolve into a truly modern corporatised one?
38. Will market reforms enrich rich states further, while poorer ones lag further?.
39. Why do we lag behind China ?
40. Who says MNCs are superior to Indian companies ?.
41. Why not use a brand index to measure national prosperity?.
42. What we need to reduce scams is better regulatory bodies.
43. War rhetoric is misplaced in a country like India which is trying to globalise its economy.
44. Trade can help the poor ?
45. The power ministry should cut off supplies to all the defaulting SEBs.
46. Steal a few lakhs and you're a criminal. Steal a few hundred crores and you become an industrialist.
47. Should PSUs be divested through strategic sale or public offer?
48. The state is above the law?

Management Education Topics:

1. Managerial skills learnt in the classroom can never match those learnt from experience
2. Democracy is hampering India progress
3. MBA in India is highly overrated.
4. Religion is a private affair and should be of no concern for the state
5. Decreasing defense expenditure and increasing social expenditure is the need of the hour

TCY Online:

1.Public sector is more a hindrance than help to promote socialism.
2.Economic betterment of the poorer nations is as important as disarmament to ensure lasting world peace.
3.From public sector to privatization as in the U.K., is the right answer for India's instant economic breakthrough.
4.The doctrine of "limited nuclear war" is an ill-convinced, ill-logical, irrational and extremely dangerous concept.
5.Some simple but effective electoral reforms will enable us to retain the present parliamentary system and ensure the preservation of democracy in India.
6.We must have only two national parties to contest parliamentary elections and regional parties should not be allowed to contest for the same.
7.We can increase our food production not only to match our population explosion but also for export provided we adopt modern, mechanized farming methods with large size land holdings.
8.Nuclear war cannot be won and should not be fought.
9.Private enterprise and not public sector will contribute to faster and higher economic growth in India.
10.Inflation is inevitable in our developing country.
11.The policy of reservation is a legacy of the British and it has done more harm than good.
12.Do you think MBAs are useful in the manufacturing / production department?
13.For a marketing post graduate, without prior work experience working in a big marketing firm is a disadvantage when compared with working in a small firm. Discuss.
14.Consumerism is destroying the social fabric of Indian culture.
15.Free market is a prerequisite for growth.
16.Cricket as a national obsession is a detriment to other sports.
17.To develop India has to empower women.
18.Formulate the government's health policy to control the spread of AIDS.
19.Advertising is a waste of resources.
20.Privatization will lead to less corruption.
21.State is the biggest violator of human rights.
22.There can never be a classless society.
23.Beauty pageants are a marketing gimmick.
24.Voting rights to illiterates in India is illogical because it is widely misused.
25.Joint family is a blessing in disguise.
26.Higher education should be made possible only for those who can pay for it.
27.The weaker sex is the weakness of the stronger sex.
28.Women cannot successfully combine both career and home.
29.Women are good managers.
30.Executive should be allowed to form unions.
31.Effect of liberalization on poverty.
32.Indians perform better as individuals rather than in groups.
33.Business and ethics go hand in hand, or do they?
34.Developing countries should spend more on development than on defense.
35.Political parties have outlived their utility.
36.Is Swadeshi relevant for India today?
37.Money is required to earn more money.
38.Foreign trade is necessary for any country to survive .
39.Presidential Vs Parliamentary form of government of India.
40.Technology: The Ism' Of The New Millennium?
41.Religion And Politics Should Not Mix
42.TRIPS Controversy And The Patent Act Amendment
43.Export Stagnation: Causes And Cures
44.Excessive Depiction Of Sex And Violence In Films
45.Classical Music Heritage And The Growing Pop-Culture
46.Decentralisation & The Panchayati Raj Institutions
47.Should India Sign The CTBT
48.State Interventions In Market Kind Or Mixed Economy
49.Science Is A Boon Or Bane
50.Is Swapping Terrorists For Hostages An Encouragement For Plane- Hijackers?
51.India and the political dynasties: The Nehru Family context
52.Nice Guys Finish Last
53.All Work And No Play Makes Jack A Dull Boy
54.Individual Freedom And Civil Society
55.Conventionalism And Modernity: The Ever going Debate
56.Should There Be A Restriction On Permissiveness Being propagated by The MTV Culture And Foreign Media?
57.Marxism And Its Future All Over The World
58.The Growing Menace Of Casteism And Regionalism
59.Presidential Form Of Government Is Needed In India
60.Bullet For Bullet: Is It The Right Policy?
61.Capitation Fees Should Be Abolished
62.Arranged Marriages Are Better Than The Love-Marriages
63.Brain-Drain Has To Be Stopped
64.Business And Ethics Can't / Don't Go Together
65.Are women As good as Men Or Inferior?
66.Nothing Succeeds Like Success
67.The Malthusian Economic Prophecy Is No Longer Relevant
68.Secessionism In The North-East: Who's To Blame?
69.Should India Break Diplomatic Ties With Pakistan?
70.Age and Youth: Experience And Young Talent
71.`East Is East & West Is Where All The Action Is': Mark Twain
72.Freedom Of _Expression And The State Authority.
73.Capital Punishment Should Be Abolished
74.Tuitions Should Be Banned
75.India Needs Gujral Doctrine For Better International Relations
76.Doctors' Accountability To Improve Health-Care
77.Universal Disarmament Is A Must
78.Indian Cricket Team Shouldn't Be Allowed To Play Abroad

How to meet great expectations in Interviews or Career?

It is important to remember that employers/companies will not continue to hire those who do not contribute to projects. Before a company presents an offer, it wants answers to many questions. An employer will request references and set up interviews during the hiring process.

You should expect to answer the following questions:
1) Why are you the right person for the job?
2) What do you offer that cannot be achieved by other applicants?
3) Are you a team player?
4) Do you complete assignments on time? (This is not a 40 hours/week work environment.)
5) Do you thrive with independent work efforts?
6) Can you work independently without constant supervision?
7) Is the candidate really capable of working hard?
8 ) Where would you like to be in 5–10 years and beyond?
9) Do you have a passion for the projects required by this position?

Once the employer decides to hire the candidate, they usually expect the following from the employee:
1) Be prepared to work long hours.
2) Meet deadlines.
3) Work as a team player.
4) Self-learning may be required since in many organizations it is difficult to get assistance in learning.

Interviews for MBA (Marketing) Candidates

Urgent Requirement: "Specialist – SEO & Web Marketing"

Desired Profile:

1) Prefer an MBA with Marketing as a Major / Minor specialization and possessing strong knowledge of marketing concepts. Other academic qualifications with strong interest in SEO are welcome.
2) Candidates with up to 6 months to below 2 years of experience in any field are preferred.
3) Good scholastic track record is a must.
4) Should have strong interest / commitment towards building a long term career in the field of Web Marketing (digital marketing).
5) Good command over computers basic software like e-mails, browsers and Microsoft Office.
6) Strong business awareness and knowledge of Internet e-commerce concepts, tools and recent developments.


Please refer the Link below for Details/Registration:

https://docs.google.com/forms/d/1Z72...viewform?pli=1

Property attachment of fake IT companies mulled

HYDERABAD: Waking up to the racket of fly-by-night IT companies that are doing a vanishing act after collecting huge sums of money from job-seekers, the state government has decided to appoint a high-powered committee to check the rampant menace.

Among the options that the committee, which would include cyber crime experts from the police department and officials from the IT department, has been asked to consider is attachment of the property of the offenders.

The first meeting of the committee is scheduled to be held in the last week of March.

The meeting is likely to discuss various issues including selection of panel members, modalities for preventing such crimes and also on punishing the white collar criminals. The action plan would also include empowering CID with additional power to attach properties of white collar criminals in order to reimburse the victims of such crimes.

The decision to appoint a committee was taken at a meeting on Tuesday which was attended by IT minister Ponnala Lakshmaiah, IT secretary, and officials from enforcing agencies such as the home department, CB-CID and cyber crime wing of the police. At the meeting, the economic offences wing of the CID explained various types of crimes committed by spurious IT companies in the last few years.

The IT minister then advised the IT secretary to constitute a committee and prepare an action plan to curtail these activities.

Meanwhile, the IT department has launched the first rural BPO in the country at Challapalli village in Krishna district. The Sunflower IT BPO project became functional on Monday.

Ponnala said the government would replicate this model in setting up similar rural BPOs in other towns and villages in the state.

Source jnworld

Why Indian IT companies stare at a less profitable life

Indian software companies are searching for answers to the conundrum of how to price their services as the market shifts irrevocably from a time-tested model which has served them well for several decades. More exacting clients and technological changes have meant that the traditional model of charging for labour is giving way but no single replacement has been found yet.

The popularity of cloud-based delivery of services over the internet is reshaping the pricing landscape along with what is being called an "outcome-based model" of paying for predetermined business results.

"Clients are looking at their IT partners being responsible for delivering on business or process outcomes beyond managing specific technology mandates," said Chandrashekhar Kakal, senior vice-president and head of business IT services at Infosys, India's second-largest software exporter.

Buyers are increasingly looking to link payments to business outcomes, which indirectly also transfers some of their risks to service providers, who for years have been charging clients based on number of hours worked by engineers on a project. But, given the shaky macroeconomic environment and shrinking technology budgets, corporations are insisting that service providers deliver tangible, measurable value and not merely technology.

The push to revisit outsourcing industry pricing models comes at a time India's $108 billion (Rs 6.4 lakh crore) IT industry is facing fundamental shifts in the way technology services are bought. Once known for growing at a double-digit pace year after year and generating employment for hundreds of thousands of engineers, the sector has now slowed down considerably and may even see shrinkage in employment.

Kakal is confident that large IT providers, including Infosys, Wipro and TCS, are best placed to manage the change in pricing models due to their scale and ability to experiment. "A shared partnership (where risk is shared) will ensure that the client and the IT partners bring in their best abilities to ensure that gains of growth and efficiency are enjoyed in equal measure by both."

Noida-based HCL Technologies, India's fourth-largest IT outsourcer, sees a possible dent in profit margins in the short term as the industry transitions to an outcome-based pricing model.

"There are huge challenges that come with an outcome-based model, especially with the ability to handle the market and the large number of service lines that it will impact. But if you look at the way things are moving, outcome-based model is here to stay and it will only gain in significance," said Krishnan Chatterjee, vice-president and head of strategic marketing at HCL Technologies.
For HCL, which has about $5 billion in annual sales, only 47% of sales came from the traditional time and materials model in the March quarter, compared to 57% two years ago.

Wipro and Tata Consultancy Services declined participate in the story.

For an industry that was built on labour arbitrage made possible by the abundant supply of inexpensive engineering talent, the new pricing models are a result of the way they envisage and sell technology services. To be able to commit to get paid only for defined business outcomes, the IT providers must have engineers with excellent domain expertise and salesmen capable of identifying gaps in clients' existing systems and pitching improvements, industry observers said.

"The outcome-based model is rather complicated and many clients are still learning about it," said Peter Bendor-Samuel, chief executive officer at Everest Group, a technology researcher and advisory. "While there is some uptick in the outcome-based model, its adoption has been slow." In the interim, he said, increasingly, companies are moving towards a usage-based model, especially in infrastructure services, which can now be consumed like a utility, thanks to cloud computing.

Some companies are more aggressive than others as a means of differentiating themselves, especially as competitive intensity rises. Last year, US-based iGate ran a multi-million-dollar advertising campaign in leading newspapers and magazines in the US urging corporations to insist on outcome-based pricing models.

Some industry experts warn that new pricing models come with challenges that undermine the interests of service providers. "Service providers have to balance long-term staffing structures with short-term changes in pricing models," said Ray Wang, chief executive officer at Constellation Research. "If the client is purely cost-focussed, then it could quickly become a race to the bottom."

Source : TOI

IT companies gear up to tackle fake interviews

Fake job interview letters and agents claiming to be working on behalf of companies to hire people have become a menace again, and those looking for jobs should watch out. It's expected to get particularly bad this year with fewer jobs on offer and many more students passing out of colleges.

Intel India has just filed a police complaint in Bangalore, after it found that at least two people had received fraudulent letters calling them for interviews at the company's office and asking them to make a security deposit of Rs 7,850 prior to the interview.

Bosch, which perhaps has been the biggest victim of this in recent weeks, has issued public messages warning people about fraudulent interview calls. Maruti Suzuki, Hyundai, HCL Technologies are others whose names have been used to send out such mails, as per complaints on the online platform cybercrimecomplaints.com.

Preethi Madappa, director-HR in Intel South Asia, said the company was using its Facebook page also to warn people about it. IBM said it has a 'fraud alert' section in its recruitment portal and Facebook page, and since most of those who are duped are freshers, it has sent fraud alerts to all registered engineering colleges.

Nasscom vice president K S Viswanathan, who is leading an initiative to curb people-related malpractices in the IT industry, said these problems peak at the beginning of the academic session (June-August), when companies start making campus offers. He said the problem was grave, and the IT industry body was set to launch a massive public campaign to make everybody aware that the industry does not have a practice of having an agent in between to collect money for employment.

The fraudsters' methods are the same in most cases. Mails are drafted on what look like genuine letterheads with the company's logo. One such letter purportedly from Bosch says, "Your resume has been selected from one of the various job sites we hire for our plant. Bosch HRD selected 52 candidates...Designation and job location will be fixed byBosch HRD at the time of final process."

The letters then invariably ask the candidate to make a refundable security deposit, only in cash, into a certain HR manager's account. The amounts that TOI has seen ranges from Rs 6,725 to Rs 15,890. The amount, the letters say, will pay for the air ticket, accommodation and food during the interview period, and will be refunded in full as soon as the interview is over. It even provides an explanation for why the money needs to be deposited into the HR manager's account and not a company account: "because it will be easier to refund the money immediately after the interview".

Many will immediately recognize the letter to be a fraud, considering the quality of its language, and the effort to get the candidate to put money into a non-company account. But many who are desperate for jobs do succumb. One victim, Santosh Kumar Patel, who complained on cybercrimecomplaints.com, said he deposited Rs 6,725 towards an " HCL interview" only to find later when he went to HCL that there was no such interview.

Intel's Madappa advices candidates to apply for jobs only through the company's own jobs website.

Nasscom's Viswanathan said he was glad companies were recognizing the need to take the matter up strongly, noting that Tata Technologies in Pune had previously filed an FIR on a similar issue. He said 10-15 IT companies had recently come together to conduct an awareness campaign among students and authorities of 10-15 colleges this academic year. "It's a pilot project that we are leading," he said.

Source : TOI

JNTU-HYD : Academic Calendar For B.Tech / B.Pharmacy 2,3,4 Years (I & II Sem) For the Academic Year 2013-2014

B.Tech & B.Pharmacy 2,4 Years-I semester (2013-2014)

Event	From	To	No.of Weeks/Days
Commencement of class work	01.07.2013	-	-
I Spell of Instructions	01.07.2013	24.08.2013	8 Weeks
I mid examinations	26.08.2013	28.08.2013	3 Days
II Spell of Instructions	29.08.2013	11.10.2013	6 Weeks 3 Days
Dussehra Holidays	12.10.2013	20.10.2013	9 Days
II Spell of Instructions (Continued)	21.10.2013	26.10.2013	1 Week
II mid examinations	28.10.2013	30.10.2013	3 Days
Preparations & Practical examinations	31.10.2013	08.11.2013	9 Days
End semester examinations	11.11.2013	23.11.2013	2 Weeks
Supplementary Examinations	25.11.2013	07.12.2013	2 Weeks
Commencement of class work for II semester	09.12.2013	-	-

B.Tech & B.Pharmacy 2,4 Years-II Semester (2013-2014)

Event	From	To	No.of Weeks/Days
Commencement of class work	09.12.2013
I Spell of Instructions	09.12.2013	10.01.2014	5 Weeks
Pongal Holidays	11.01.2014	19.01.2014	9 Days
I Spell of Instructions (Continued)	20.01.2014	07.02.2014	3 Weeks
I mid examinations	10.02.2014	12.02.2014	3 Days
II Spell of Instructions	13.02.2014	05.04.2014	7 Weeks 3 Days
II mid examinations	07.04.2014	09.04.2014	3 Days
Preparations & Practical examinations	10.04.2014	19.04.2014	9 Days
End semester examinations	21.04.2014	03.05.2014	2 Weeks
Supplementary Examinations	05.05.2014	17.05.2014	2 Weeks
Summer vacation	18.05.2014	15.06.2014	4 Weeks
Commencement of class work for Next Semester	16.06.2014	-	-

 B. Tech and B. Pharmacy 3 year – I semester for the academic year 2013-14

Event	From	To	No.of Weeks/Days
Commencement of class work	01.07.2013	-	-
I Spell of Instructions	01.07.2013	28.08.2013	8 Weeks 3 Days
I mid examinations	29.08.2013	31.08.2013	3 Days
II Spell of Instructions	02.09.2013	11.10.2013	6 Weeks
Dussehra Holidays	12.10.2013	20.10.2013	9 Days
II Spell of Instructions (Continued)	21.10.2013	30.10.2013	1 Week 3 Days
II mid examinations	31.10.2013	02.11.2013	3 Days
Preparations & Practical examinations	04.11.2013	09.11.2013	1 Week
End semester examinations	11.11.2013	23.11.2013	2 Weeks
Supplementary Examinations	25.11.2013	07.12.2013	2 Weeks
Commencement of class work for II semester	09.12.2013	-	-

B.Tech & B.Pharmacy 3 Years-II Semester

Event	From	To	No.of Weeks/Days
Commencement of class work	09.12.2013	-	-
I Spell of Instructions	09.12.2013	10.01.2014	5 Weeks
Pongal Holidays	11.01.2014	19.01.2014	9 Days
I Spell of Instructions (Continued)	20.01.2014	12.02.2014	3 Weeks 3 Days
I mid examinations	13.02.2014	15.02.2014	3 Days
II Spell of Instructions	17.02.2014	09.04.2014	7 Weeks 3 Days
II mid examinations	10.04.2014	12.04.2014	3 Days
Preparations & Practical examinations	14.04.2014	19.04.2014	1 Week
End semester examinations	21.04.2014	03.05.2014	2 Weeks
Supplementary Examinations	05.05.2014	17.05.2014	2 Weeks
Summer vacation	18.05.2014	15.06.2014	4 Weeks
Commencement of class work for Next Semester	16.06.2014	-	-

All Linux/Unix Commands.

UNIX / Linux Command Summary

Some of the available options are :
Cat [-options] filename(S)
-s silent about files that
cannot be accessed
-v enables display of non printinging characters (except tabs, new lines, form-

feeds)
-t when used with –v, it causes tabs to be printed as ^I’s
-e when used with –v, it causes $ to be printed at the end of each line
The –t and –e options are ignored if the –v options is not specified.

cd
Used to change directories

chgrp
Changes the group that owns a file.
Chgrp [grou –id] [filename]

chmod
Allows file permissions to be changed for each user. File permissions can be changed only by the owner (s).
Chmod [+/-][rwx] [ugo] [filename]

chown
Used to change the owner of a file.
The command takes a file(s) as source files and the login id of another user as the target.
Chown [user-id] [filename]

cmp
The cmp command compares two files (text or binary) byte-by-byte and displays the first occurrence where the files differ.
Cmp [filename1] [filename2] -1 gives a long listing

comm.
The comm command compares two sorted files and displays the instances that are common. The display is separated into 3 columns.
Comm. filename1 filename2
first displays what occurs in first files but not in the second
second displays what occurs in second file but not in first
third displays what is common in both files

continue statement
The rest of the commands in the loop are ignored. It moves out of the loop and moves on the next cycle.

cp
The cp (copy) command is used to copy a file.
Cp [filename1] [filename2]

cpio(copy input/output)
Utility program used to take backups.
Cpio operates in three modes:
-o output
-i input
-p pass

creat()
the system call creates a new file or prepares to rewrite an existing file. The file pointer is set to the beginning of file.
#include<sys/tyes.h>
#include<sys/stat.h>
int creat(path, mode)

char *path;
int mode;

cut
used to cut out parts of a file. It takes filenames as command line arguments or input from standard input. The command can cut columns as well as fields in a file. It however does not delete the selected parts of the file.
Cut [-ef] [column/fie,d] filename
Cut-d “:” –f1,2,3 filename
Where –d indicates a delimiter specified within “:”

df
used to find the number of free blocks available for all the mounted file systems.
#/etc/df [filesystem]

diff
the diff command compares text files. It gives an index of all the lines that differ in the two files along with the line numbers. It also displays what needs to be changed.
Diff filename1 filename2

echo
The echo command echoes arguments on the command line.
echo [arguments]

 What is a static IP address/dynamic IP address?

A static IP address is a number (in the form of a dotted quad) that is assigned to a computer by an Internet service provider (ISP) to be its permanent address on the Internet. Computers use IP addresses to locate and talk to each other on the Internet, much the same way people use phone numbers to locate and talk to one another on the telephone. When you want to visit whatis.com, your computer asks a domain name system (DNS) server (think telephone information operator) for the correct dotted quad number (think phone number) for whatis.com and your computer uses the answer it receives to connect to the whatis.com server.
It would be simple if every computer that connects to the Internet could have its own static IP number, but when the Internet was first conceived, the architects didn;t foresee the need for an unlimited number of IP addresses. Consequently, there are not enough IP numbers to go around. To get around that problem, many Internet service providers limit the number of static IP addresses they allocate, and economize on the remaining number of IP addresses they possess by temporarily assigning an IP address to a requesting Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) computer from a pool of IP addresses. The temporary IP address is called a dynamic IP address.

Requesting DHCP computers receive a dynamic IP address (think temporary phone number) for the duration of that Internet session or for some other specified amount of time. Once the user disconnects from the Internet, their dynamic IP address goes back into the IP address pool so it can be assigned to another user. Even if the user reconnects immediately, odds are they will not be assigned the same IP address from the pool. To keep our telephone telephone analogy going, using a dynamic IP address is similar to using a pay phone. Unless there is a reason to receive a call, the user does not care what number he or she is calling from.

There are times, however, when users who connect to the Internet using dynamic IP wish to allow other computers to locate them. Perhaps they want to use CU-SeeMe or use a VoIP application to make long distance phone calls using their IP connection. In that case, they would need a static IP address. The user has two choices; they can contact their ISP and request a static IP address, or they can use a dynamic DNS service. Either choice will probably involve an additional monthly fee.

Using a dynamic DNS service works as if there was an old-fashioned telephone message service at your computers disposal. When a user registers with a DNS service and connects to the Internet with a dynamic IP address, the users computer contacts the DNS service and lets them know what IP address it has been assigned from the pool; the service works with the DNS server to forward the correct address to the requesting DHCP computer. (Think of calling the message service and saying "Hi. I can be reached at 435.44.32.111 right now. Please tell anyone who tries to reach me to call that number.) Using a dynamic DNS service to arrange for computers to find you even though you are using a dynamic IP address is the next-best thing to having a static IP.

IPv6, which has also been called "IPng" (IP Next Generation), lengthens IP addresses from 32 bits to 128 bits and increasesthe number of available IP addressess significantly, making static IP addresses easier and less expensive to obtain and maintain.

Win Xp Tablet PC and Cable Internet

Do you have a desktop or laptop with a wired internet connection at your home??

did you purchase or planning to purchase a tablet pc??

then how do you connect internet to a tablet pc ?? many think Wi-Fi is the only answer, but you can still access the wired internet to your tablet pc...

this is done by AD-HOC networks. Ad-Hoc network is a kind of personalized private network where you can create a wifi access point through cable internet.

YOUR COMPUTER SHOULD HAVE WIFI CHIP CARD INSTALLED AND SHOULD BE ABLE TO DETECT WIRELESS NETWORKS .. ONLY THEN YOU CAN CREATE AD HOC NETWORK

to create a wifi access point through ad hoc network.. first enable wifi on your computer.

"THE FOLLOWING PROCEDURE IS FOR WINDOWS XP PROFESSSIONAL OPERATING SYSTEM"

1. Go to control panel >> Network connections

2. Right click on "Wireless Internet Connection" and select "properties"

3. Go to "Advanced" tab and select the check box " allow other users to connect through this computer connection"

4. From the drop down list menu, select "wireless Internet Connection" Now go to "wireless networks" tab

5. select the check box "use windows to configure my computer network settings"

6. select "add" button and give your SSID i.e the name of the network (Example: Ravindra_wireless) and select the check box " Connect even if it is not broadcasting"

7. Select Network Authentication as "OPEN" and Data Encryption as "Disabled", now go to the Connection tab in the same window.. and select the check box "connect even if it is in range"

8. Now click "ok" and again Click "ok" , go to windows firewall and select "advanced" tab.

9. Select "wireless connection" and click on "Settings", Check all the boxes you got under "Service" tab and click ok.

now you are ready to use your ad-hoc network, refresh your wifi networks list and you can see your own ad hoc network in the list.

WARNING: the concept of ad hoc networks is not supported by Android Operating system. only IOS [i pad] and Black berry can detect the ad hoc networks !!!